[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-613305-105":59,"doc-detail-613305-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","imperialism-in-china-early-contacts-with-europeans","Imperialism in China - Early Contacts with Europeans","","Imperialism in China traces European and later other foreign powers’ growing influence from early trade links to the formal extraction of privileges and territories. It covers Portuguese exchanges with China in the 16th century, expanding European restrictions on Qing society, and the Opium Wars that reshaped treaty ports, tariff limits, and Hong Kong control. The outline also explains extraterritoriality, spheres of influence, the Open Door Policy, the Boxer Rebellion, and the pressures that helped end Qing rule and destabilize Republican governance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/imperialism-in-china-early-contacts-with-europeans/613305/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/imperialism-in-china-early-contacts-with-europeans/613305.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What did European traders seek during early contacts with China?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"European traders sought Chinese goods such as silk and tea, traded beginning in the 16th century.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What were the consequences of the First and Second Opium Wars?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"After the First Opium War, the Treaty of Nanking opened additional British ports and increased British control, including Hong Kong, along with indemnity and tariff limits. The Second Opium War opened more ports, legalized opium traffic, protected missionaries, and enabled foreign navigation of the Yangtze River.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What was the Open Door Policy and why was it proposed?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, it aimed to prevent China from being carved up by imperialist powers while preserving China’s territory and independence. It promoted equal trading rights for all nations, though it was not always strictly followed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},613305,1792415738,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374402739827,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000c97e7351f1a627?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787885694763230660","Imperialism in China\n© Student Handouts, Inc.\nwww.studenthandouts.com\nEarly Contacts with Europeans\n16th century – Portuguese traded  for silk and tea\nPortuguese followed by the Dutch and English\nChinese History\n1644 – conquered by Manchus\nQing dynasty\nChinese forced to wear pigtails (sign of subservient status)\n18th century\nManchus began restricting Europeans – missionaries and traders\nFirst Opium War(1839-1842)\nBritish brought opium from India to Canton\nMany Chinese became addicts\nChinese emperor forbade opium imports\nWar between British and Chinese\nTreaty of Nanking (1842)\nFour additional British ports in China\nAmoy, Ningpo, Foochow, Shanghai\nBritish control over Hong Kong\nChina had to pay an indemnity\nChina limited to 5% tariff\nOther  Westerners in China\nBelgium, France, Holland (Netherlands), Portugal, Prussia (Germany), United States\nSpheres of influence\nExclusive trading areas\nExtraterritoriality\nTried in their own courts and under their own laws\nSecond Opium War(1856-1860)\nAlso known as the Arrow War\nResults\nMore Chinese ports opened up to European trade\nOpium traffic legalized\nProtection of Christian missionaries\nAll foreign vessels could navigate the Yangtze River\nU.S. and Russia also participated in peace process\nRussia’s border extended to Amur River\nMaritime Provinces – Pacific area without permafrost\nFounded Vladivostok in 1860\nMore Foreign Control of China\nAnnam, etc.\nMerged into French Indo-China (1883)\nBurma (Myanmar)\nAnnexed by British (1886)\nFormosa\nAttacked and taken by Japanese (1895)\nKorea\nAnnexed by Japanese (1910)\nLiaotung Peninsula (Manchuria)\nConcessions to Japanese (1910)\nManchuria\nImperial powers (particularly Japan and Russia) vied for control of the Manchurian Railway\nFrance, Germany, and Russia coerced Japan to return the Liaotung Peninsula to China\nNew Scramble for China\nFrance\nKwangchow – 99-year lease\nGermany\nShantung Peninsula – sphere of influence\nGreat Britain\nWei-hai-wei – naval base\nYangtze valley – sphere of influence\nRussia\nLiaotung Peninsula – lease\nManchuria – economic concessions\nOpen Door Policy\nProposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay (1899)\nFear that China would be carved up between imperialist powers\nLeft China’s independence and territory intact\nAll nations could trade equally in China\nEndorsed internationally\nBut not always strictly followed\nBoxer Rebellion (1900)\nChinese people resented foreign influence and power\nOrder of the Patriotic Harmonious Fists\nCalled “Boxers” by Westerners\nDemanded that foreigners leave China\nKilled circa 300 and vandalized foreign property\nEuropean imperialists, Americans, and Japanese put down the rebellion\nChina paid $333,000,000 in damages and had to permit military forces in Peking (Beijing) and Tientsin\nFall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty\nEmpress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908)\nDe facto Chinese monarch (1861-1908)\n“Make me unhappy for a day and I will make you unhappy for a lifetime.”\nConservative and anti-foreign\nBlamed by many Chinese for foreign imperialist power in China\nFall of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty\nEmperor Puyi – the “Last Emperor”\nLived 1906-1967\nRuled China 1908-1912, and as a puppet for 12 days in 1917\nPuppet emperor of Manchukuo (Japanese-ruled Manchuria), 1932-1945\nSpent ten years in a Soviet prison after WWII\nLived a quiet life as a regular citizen in communist China\nDied of disease during the Cultural Revolution (1967)\nRepublican Revolution\nSun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)\nFounded Kuomintang (Nationalist party)\nOverthrew Manchu (Qing) dynasty\nEstablished a republic\nPresident of Chinese Republic who succeeded him – Yuan Shih-k’ai\nKuomintang symbol\nRepublic of China: Weaknesses\nDisunity\nLocal warlords fought Kuomintang for control\nWars raged between 1912 and 1928\nForeign imperialists\nAmericans, Europeans, and Japanese\nPoor transportation\n1914 – only 6,000 miles of railroad track\n225,000 miles in the smaller United States\nFew decent roads\nForeign Imperialists\nTwenty-One Demands (1915)\nJapan attempted to make China a Japanese protectorate\nActio","cbCainJ8rPS58S59","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainJ8rPS58S59","pptx",1443129,22,"English","# Early Contacts with Europeans\n## Chinese History and the Qing Dynasty\n# Opium Wars and Treaty Ports\n## Other Westerners and Spheres of Influence\n# Second Opium War and Expansion of Control\n## Russian and Japanese Involvement\n# Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion\n## Fall of the Qing Dynasty\n# Republican Revolution and Later Conflicts\n## Weaknesses of the Republic\n## Three Principles of the People\n# Review Questions","[{\"question\":\"What did European traders seek during early contacts with China?\",\"answer\":\"European traders sought Chinese goods such as silk and tea, traded beginning in the 16th century.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the consequences of the First and Second Opium Wars?\",\"answer\":\"After the First Opium War, the Treaty of Nanking opened additional British ports and increased British control, including Hong Kong, along with indemnity and tariff limits. The Second Opium War opened more ports, legalized opium traffic, protected missionaries, and enabled foreign navigation of the Yangtze River.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the Open Door Policy and why was it proposed?\",\"answer\":\"Proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, it aimed to prevent China from being carved up by imperialist powers while preserving China’s territory and independence. It promoted equal trading rights for all nations, though it was not always strictly followed.\"}]","Imperialism in China - Early Contacts with Europeans | PPTX",1792385145,55]