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This institution-based cross-sectional study assessed adult patients living with HIV at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital from October 1 to December 30, 2024. Using structured questionnaires and medical record reviews, it estimated prevalence and applied bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with impaired estimated glomerular filtration 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Impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate and associated factors among adult patients living with HIV at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 21(1): e0330238. [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330238  \nEditor: Donovan Anthony McGrowder, The University of the West Indies, JAMAICA Received: July 29, 2025  \nAccepted: December 15, 2025  \nPublished: January 2, 2026  \nPeer Review History: PLOS recognizes the benefits of transparency in the peer review process; therefore, we enable the publication of all of the content of peer review and author responses alongside final, published articles. The editorial history of this article is available here: [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal). pone.0330238  \nCopyright: © 2026 Dadi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nImpaired estimated glomerular filtration rate and associated factors among adult patients living with HIV at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study  \nTamiru Adugna Dadi1*, Teshome Tola Bedada1*, Abdurke Dido Akako1,  \nLegesse Tadesse Wodajo2, Sebona Girma Moges1, Wubshet Abraham Alemu1  \n1 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2 Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia  \n* [adutamiru@gmail.com](adutamiru@gmail.com) (TAD); [tolateshome@gmail.com](tolateshome@gmail.com) (TTB)  \nAbstract  \nBackground  \nHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a multisystem disorder with significant renal involvement. In Ethiopia, limited data exist on the prevalence of impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Identifying associated factors is critical for implementing targeted interventions to preserve renal function.  \nMethods  \nAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 252 adult patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus from October 1 to December 30, 2024 at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and medical record reviews. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with impaired glomerular filtration rate (estimated glomerular filtration rate \u003C60 mL/min/1 .73m2) .  \nResult  \nThe prevalence of impaired glomerular filtration rate was 18.7%(95% CI: 14.0–23.0) . Factors significantly associated with impaired glomerular filtration rate included age >40 years (AOR = 3.26; 95%CI: 1.17–9. 12), history of smoking (AOR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.87–11.70), opportunistic infections (AOR = 5.93; 95% CI: 2.23–15.74), diabe  \ntes mellitus (AOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.47–10. 12) and hypertension (AOR = 2.71; CI:  \n1.07–6.82) .  \nPLOS One | [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330238](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330238) January 2, 2026 1 / 14  \nwhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData availability statement: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting  Information files.  \nFunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.  \nCompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.  \nAbbreviations: AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AKI, Acute Kidney Injury; AOR, Adjusted Odd Ratio; ART, Anti-retroviral therapy; ATRH, Asella Teaching and referral hospital; BMI, Body Mass Index; BP, Blood Pressure; CD, Cluster of differentiation; CG, Cockcroft-Gault; CI, Confidence Interval; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology; COR, Cr","cbCaifVrpAlrd9iJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifVrpAlrd9iJ","pdf",1589326,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Result\n## Conclusion\n## Background","[{\"question\":\"What was the study design and study period?\",\"answer\":\"The study used an institution-based cross-sectional design conducted from October 1 to December 30, 2024 at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital.\"},{\"question\":\"How was impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate defined?\",\"answer\":\"Impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were significantly associated with impaired renal function?\",\"answer\":\"Factors included age over 40 years, history of smoking, opportunistic infections, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, based on adjusted odds ratios.\"}]","Impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate and associated factors among adult patients living with HIV at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia - A cross-sectional study | PDF",1790617273,35]