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Jones Elizabeth Bettini  \nMay 2025  \nWORKING PAPER No. 319-0525  \nImpacts of Staff Turnover  \non Test Scores for  \nStudents With and  \nWithout Disabilities  \nLindsey Kaler  \nAnnenberg Insitute for School Reform, Brown University  \nRoddy Theobald  \nAmerican Institutes for Research / CALDER  \nNathan Jones  \nWheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University  \nElizabeth Bettini  \nWheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University  \nContents..................................................................................................................................................................... i  \nAcknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................... ii  \nAbstract ................................................................................................................................................................... iii  \n1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1  \n2. Method.............................................................................................................................................................. 6  \n3. Results ............................................................................................................................................................ 15  \n4. Discussion....................................................................................................................................................... 21  \nReferences .............................................................................................................................................................. 26  \nTables and Figures.................................................................................................................................................. 30  \nThe research reported here was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R324A170016 to the American Institutes for Research. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute or the U.S. Department of Education. We thank the Washington state Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI) for their partnership in this work.  \nCALDER working papers have not undergone final formal review and should be cited as working papers. They are intended to encourage discussion and suggestions for revision before final publication. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or the institutions to which the authors are affiliated. Any errors are attributable to the authors.  \nCALDER • American Institutes for Research  \n1400 Crystal Drive 10th Floor, Arlington, VA 22202 202-403-5796 • [www.caldercenter.org](www.caldercenter.org)  \nImpacts of Staff Turnover on Test Scores for Students with and without Disabilities  \nLindsey Kaler, Roddy Theobald, Nathan Jones, & Elizabeth Bettini CALDER Working Paper No. 319-0525  \nMay 2025  \nAbstract  \nStaff turnover is a critical issue for practitioners and policymakers alike. While extant research indicates teacher turnover has a detrimental impact on student outcomes generally (Ronfeldt et al., 2013), students with disabilities may be disproportionately impacted, as they receive services from both general educators and from special educators and paraeducators, who have higher turnover rates. Yet, prior research has not examined effects of turnover on students with versus without disabilities. Using administrative data from Washington State, we provide the first causal estimates of special and ","cbCaish2Vehdml9g","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaish2Vehdml9g","pdf",1974790,49,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Method\n# 3. Results\n# 4. Discussion\n# References\n# Tables and Figures","[{\"question\":\"What does the working paper study about staff turnover?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how turnover among special and general education teachers and paraeducators affects student test scores for students with and without disabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main findings on teacher turnover effects?\",\"answer\":\"General education teacher turnover negatively impacts test scores for both groups, while special education teacher turnover has an outsized negative impact on students with disabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"Do paraeducator turnover effects significantly change test scores?\",\"answer\":\"The estimates for paraeducator turnover are small and not statistically significant.\"}]","Impacts of Staff Turnover on Test Scores for Students With and Without Disabilities - Working Paper No. 319-0525 - May 2025 | PDF",1791067375,123]