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Results: NEN patients had lower 25(OH)D than controls, deficiency correlated with higher Ki67 and progression, while PFS and OS were not significantly influenced. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in NENs and links to worse tumor aggressiveness.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-tumor-aggressiveness-in-neuroendocrine-neoplasms/379221/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-vitamin-d-deficiency-on-tumor-aggressiveness-in-neuroendocrine-neoplasms/379221.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rizky","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How was vitamin D deficiency defined in the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Serum 25(OH)D levels were defined as deficient if \u003C20 ng/mL.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What differences in 25(OH)D levels were observed between NEN patients and controls?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"NEN patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the matched healthy control group, regardless of primary tumor origin.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Is 25(OH)D deficiency associated with prognosis in neuroendocrine neoplasms?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Deficiency was associated with higher Ki67 and disease progression, while PFS and OS were not significantly influenced by 25(OH)D.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},379221,1790497039,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","nutrients   \nArticle  \nImpact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Tumor Aggressiveness in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms  \nManuela Albertelli 1,2,†, Cristian Petolicchio 1,†, Sara Brasili 1, Andrea Pogna 1, Mara Boschetti 1,2, Giorgio Luciano 3, Davide Campana 4, Stefano Gay 2, Alessandro Veresani 1, Diego Ferone 1,2, * and Lara Vera 2  \nCitation: Albertelli, M.; Petolicchio, C.; Brasili, S.; Pogna, A.; Boschetti, M.; Luciano, G.; Campana, D.; Gay, S.; Veresani, A.; Ferone, D.; et al. Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Tumor Aggressiveness in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3771 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173771](https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173771)  \nAcademic Editor: Bruce W. Hollis  \nReceived: 31 July 2023  \nRevised: 23 August 2023  \nAccepted: 25 August 2023  \nPublished: 29 August 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; [manuela.albertelli@unige.it](manuela.albertelli@unige.it) (M.A.); [dottorcristianpetolicchio@gmail.com](dottorcristianpetolicchio@gmail.com) (C.P.); [sara.brasili.5a@gmail.com](sara.brasili.5a@gmail.com) (S.B.); [mara.boschetti@unige.it](mara.boschetti@unige.it) (M.B.); [veresani.alessandro@gmail.com](veresani.alessandro@gmail.com) (A.V.)  \n2 Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; [stefano.gay@hsanmartino.it](stefano.gay@hsanmartino.it) (S.G.); [lara.vera@hsanmartino.it](lara.vera@hsanmartino.it) (L.V.)  \n3 CNR SCITEC “Giulio Natta” Scitec Istituto per Studio delle Science e Tecnologie Chimiche,  \n16149 Genova, Italy; giorgio.luciano@scitec.cnr.it  \n4 Bologna ENETS Center of Excellence, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [davide.campana@unibo.it](davide.campana@unibo.it)  \n* Correspondence: [ferone@unige.it](ferone@unige.it); Tel.: +39-010-3537955 or +39-010-5555170; Fax: +39-010-3537060 † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Background: The role of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the pathogenesis and outcome of several conditions, including autoimmune diseases, diabetes and cancers is largely described in the literature. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficit in a cohort of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in comparison to a matched healthy control group and to analyze the possible role of 25(OH)D as a prognostic factor for NENs in terms of biological aggressiveness, tumor progression and survival. Methods: From 2009 to 2023, 172 patients with NENs (99 females; median age, 63 years) were included in the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels were defined as deficient if 􀀔20 ng/mL. The possible associations between 25(OH)D levels and disease grading, staging, ki67%, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were considered. Results: NEN patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels compared to controls (p \u003C 0.001) regardless of the primary origin. Patients with 25(OH)D \u003C 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher ki67 index (p = 0.02) compared to the ones with 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/mL. Patients with disease progression were found to have a significantly lower 25(OH)D at baseline (p = 0.02), whereas PFS and OS were not significantlyinfluenced by 25(OH)D. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among NENs and is associated with higher ki67 and disease progression. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring 25(OH)D levels in patients with NENs, as its deficiency appeared to be linked to the worst biological tumor aggressiveness.  \nKeywords: vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency; 25(O","cbCaic4av9S0CoAq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic4av9S0CoAq","pdf",3062618,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background and disease overview\n## Historical context and scientific advances\n## Spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms\n## Risk factors and therapy context","[{\"question\":\"How was vitamin D deficiency defined in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Serum 25(OH)D levels were defined as deficient if \\u003c20 ng/mL.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences in 25(OH)D levels were observed between NEN patients and controls?\",\"answer\":\"NEN patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the matched healthy control group, regardless of primary tumor origin.\"},{\"question\":\"Is 25(OH)D deficiency associated with prognosis in neuroendocrine neoplasms?\",\"answer\":\"Deficiency was associated with higher Ki67 and disease progression, while PFS and OS were not significantly influenced by 25(OH)D.\"}]","Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Tumor Aggressiveness in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms | PDF",1790234651,38]