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Results show MT-related T1 shortening of about 20%–35% in 2D-MDME, while 3D-QALAS shows no MT impact, indicating MT must be considered for clinical method comparisons.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-the-magnetization-transfer-effect-on-t1-measurements-in-quantitative-mr-imaging-technical-note/444567/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-the-magnetization-transfer-effect-on-t1-measurements-in-quantitative-mr-imaging-technical-note/444567.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aran","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the purpose of comparing 2D-MDME and 3D-QALAS?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study clarifies how the magnetization transfer (MT) effect influences T1 measurements when comparing two MP-qMRI methods.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were the two MRI protocols implemented and tested?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The authors implemented 2D-MDME and 3D-QALAS on an originally designed 1.5T system and a clinical 3T system and performed phantom measurements of relaxation times.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the key findings regarding MT effect on T1?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"In 2D-MDME, the MT effect produced T1 shortening of about 20%–35%, whereas 3D-QALAS showed no observable MT effect on T1 measurements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},444567,1791095422,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Magn Reson Med Sci 2025 ; 24: 2024-0163  \n[doi:10.2463/mrms.tn.2024-0163 Published Online: April 29](doi:10.2463/mrms.tn.2024-0163 Published Online: April 29), 2025  \nTECHNICAL NOTE  \nImpact of the Magnetization Transfer Effect on T1 Measurements in Quantitative MR Imaging: Comparison of the Two-dimensional Multidynamic Multiecho (2D-MDME) and Three-dimensional Quantification Using an Interleaved Look-Locker Acquisition Sequence (3D-QALAS) Protocols on Two Systems  \nRyoichi Kose1, Katsumi Kose1*, Yasuhiko Terada2, and Daiki Tamada3  \nMultiparametric quantitative MRI (MP-qMRI) methods, which measure multiple relaxation times simultaneously, are becoming into practical tools, but the relationship between different MP-qMRI methods has not been clarified. In particular, since 2D multidynamic multiple-echo (2D-MDME) was provided by multiple major MRI vendors, many patient studies have been reported, but its relationship with 3D-QALAS (3D-QuAntification using an interleaved Look-Locker Acquisition Sequence with T2 preparation pulse), which is expected to be its 3D version successor, is unknown. In this study, we implemented 2D-MDME and 3D-QALAS on an originally designed 1.5T and a clinical 3T MRI systems, and measured relaxation times of phantoms, focusing on the effect of magnetization transfer (MT) effect on T1 measurements. As a result, in 2D-MDME, T1 shortening effects of around 20%–35% was observed due to the MT effect, and in 3D-QALAS, no effect of the MT effect on the T1 measurements was observed. Therefore, we concluded that the MT effect needs to be considered when comparing MP-qMRI methods in clinical studies.  \nKey words: 2D multidynamic multiple-echo, 3D-QuAntification using an interleaved Look-Locker Acquisition Sequence with T2 preparation pulse, Bloch simultion, Pulseq, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging  \nIntroduction  \nIn routine clinical MRI, MR images that emphasize MR parameters such as T1, T2, T2*, and diffusion constants are widely used. In contrast, the so-called quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods,1,2 which measure the distributions of MR parameters such as T1, T2, and proton density, are not routinely used. This is mainly because measurements of qMRI are time-consuming and difficult to incorporate into the time frame of routine clinical MRI. On the other hand, T1 and T2 are still expected  \nto be objective indicators for pathological conditions.1–3  \nIn order to solve the above problem, methods for efficiently obtaining T1, T2, proton density, [etc. at](etc. at) the same time  \n1MRIsimulations, Tokyo, Japan  \n2Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 3Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA *Corresponding author: MRIsimulations Inc., Million Tower Tranomon 602,1-9- 11, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan.  \nE-mail: [katsumi.kose@mrisimulations.com](katsumi.kose@mrisimulations.com)  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  \n©2025 Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Received: October 28, 2024 | Accepted: March 10, 2025  \n(multiparametric qMRI: MP-qMRI) have been proposed.4–7 Among these methods, the 2D-MDME (2D multidynamic multiple-echo, or multiple delay multiple-echo, sometimes called QRAPMASTER [Quantification of Relaxation Times and Proton Density by Multiecho Acquisition of a Saturation-recovery using Turbo spin-Echo Readout]) method has been proposed,5 commercialized, and provided by several major MRI vendors. This method has been used in many clinical studies,8–15 due to its high affinity with the multi-slice, fast spin-echo (FSE) method used in daily clinical practice. Furthermore, a 3D version of the method, called 3D-QALAS (3D-QuAntification using an interleaved LookLocker Acquisition Sequence with T2 preparation pulse) method was proposed by the same group.7 The 3D-QALAS method has been implemented by many groups 16–19 as be","cbCainNveOsh0Vdd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainNveOsh0Vdd","pdf",17714415,13,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## MRI systems\n## Phantoms for relaxation times and MT effect measurements","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of comparing 2D-MDME and 3D-QALAS?\",\"answer\":\"The study clarifies how the magnetization transfer (MT) effect influences T1 measurements when comparing two MP-qMRI methods.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the two MRI protocols implemented and tested?\",\"answer\":\"The authors implemented 2D-MDME and 3D-QALAS on an originally designed 1.5T system and a clinical 3T system and performed phantom measurements of relaxation times.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings regarding MT effect on T1?\",\"answer\":\"In 2D-MDME, the MT effect produced T1 shortening of about 20%–35%, whereas 3D-QALAS showed no observable MT effect on T1 measurements.\"}]","Impact of the Magnetization Transfer Effect on T1 Measurements in Quantitative MR Imaging - Technical Note | PDF",1790708514,33]