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Participants with NYHA II–IV and echocardiographic ejection fraction \u003C40% received treatment for three months, with repeated clinical and laboratory measures. Results showed improved glycemic control and cardiac function, with minimal adverse events and no symptomatic hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or significant hypotension.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-on-blood-glucose-levels-in-patients-with-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction-without-diabetes/434553/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-on-blood-glucose-levels-in-patients-with-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction-without-diabetes/434553.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s primary objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood glucose levels in patients with HFrEF without diabetes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the trial designed and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A randomized controlled trial including 130 patients with HF in NYHA class II to IV, without diabetes, and with ejection fraction below 40% on echocardiography within the prior three months.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main glycemic and safety findings after three months?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Fasting, postprandial, HbA1c, and random blood glucose decreased significantly, while adverse events were minimal, with no symptomatic hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or significant hypotension reported.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},434553,1790815872,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068","Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 45 (2026) 487---496  \nRevista Portuguesa de  \nCardiologia  \nPortuguese Journal of Cardiology  \n[www.revportcardiol.org](www.revportcardiol.org)  \nORIGINAL ARTICLE  \nImpact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood glucose levels in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction without diabetes  \nYasser Ahmed Abd El Hadya, Abd Allah Shahat Ali Abd Elaziz b,􀀂 , Abeer Adly Mahmoud a  \na Departamento de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, Egypt b Departamento de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Fayoum, Fayoum, Egypt  \nReceived 4 August 2025; accepted 15 April 2026 Available online 5 August 2026  \nKEYWORDS  \nSodium-glucose cotransporter 2; Blood glucose levels; Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction and objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) were initially developed as antihyperglycemic agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . This study sought to evaluate the impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood glucose levels in patients with HFrEF without diabetes.  \nMethods: This randomized controlled trial included 130 patients with HF classified as NYHA class II to IV and without diabetes, with an ejection fraction (EF) below 40% as determined by echocardiography within the preceding three months. Baseline assessments included serum creatinine, random and fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose, HbA1c, urine acetone, BMI, blood pressure, and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus) . After three months of treatment, all these clinical and laboratory parameters were reassessed in both groups.  \nResults: Treatment led to significant improvements in cardiac function, including reductions in left ventricular diameters and volumes, and increases in ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and right ventricular fractional area change (p\u003C0.05) . Glycemic control also improved, with significant decreases in fasting, postprandial, HbA1c, and random blood glucose (p\u003C0.001) . Serum creatinine, magnesium, and phosphorus levels increased significantly (p\u003C0.001) . Adverse events were minimal, with only one patient showing urine acetone positivity (1.5%, p=0.99), and no symptomatic hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or significant hypotension occurred.  \nConclusions: SGLT2 inhibitors safely reduce blood glucose in patients with HFrEF without diabetes without causing hypoglycemia, highlighting their potential cardiovascular and metabolic benefits and supporting their use in this population.  \n© 2026 Published by Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/](http://creativecommons.org/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) ) .  \n∗ Corresponding author.  \n[E-mail address:](E-mail address: abdalashahat407@gmail.com)[ abdalashahat407@gmail.com](E-mail address: abdalashahat407@gmail.com) (A.A.S.A. Abd Elaziz).  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2026.04.007](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2026.04.007)  \n0870-2551/© 2026 Published by Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \nPALAVRAS-CHAVE  \nCotransportador desódio-glicose 2; Níveis de glicosesanguínea; Insuficiência cardíaca com frac¸ão de ejec¸ãoreduzida  \nImpacto dos inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose 2 nos níveis de glicosesanguínea em doentes não diabéticos com insuficiência cardíaca com fraão deejeão reduzida  \nResumo  \nIntroduão e objetivos: Os inibidores do cotransportador de sódio-glicose 2 (SGLT2) foram inicialmente desenvolvidos como agentes anti-hiperglicémicos para o","cbCaimYkossqa3zm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimYkossqa3zm","pdf",916015,"English","# Introduction and objectives\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s primary objective?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood glucose levels in patients with HFrEF without diabetes.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the trial designed and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"A randomized controlled trial including 130 patients with HF in NYHA class II to IV, without diabetes, and with ejection fraction below 40% on echocardiography within the prior three months.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main glycemic and safety findings after three months?\",\"answer\":\"Fasting, postprandial, HbA1c, and random blood glucose decreased significantly, while adverse events were minimal, with no symptomatic hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, or significant hypotension reported.\"}]","Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Blood Glucose Levels in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction without Diabetes | PDF",1790669791,25]