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Recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality were analyzed using IPTW-adjusted Kaplan–Meier and Cox models. Cystoscopy within 6 months corresponded to higher recurrence risk but lower progression and mortality risks, supporting the value of regular early surveillance.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-regular-cystoscopy-on-prognosis-in-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-a-nationwide-study/368671/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-regular-cystoscopy-on-prognosis-in-non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer-a-nationwide-study/368671.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Cipher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the study purpose regarding cystoscopy timing after TUR-BT?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To evaluate prognosis in NMIBC patients within 6 months after surgery and identify the optimal timing for the first cystoscopy after TUR-BT.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were patients grouped in the retrospective analysis?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Patients newly diagnosed with NMIBC were divided into two groups based on whether they underwent cystoscopy within 6 months after TUR-BT.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the study find about outcomes when cystoscopy occurred within 6 months?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Cystoscopy within 6 months was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, but lower risk of progression and death.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},368671,1790207425,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":116,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Original Article-Urological Oncology  \nInvestig Clin Urol 2025;66:302-310. [https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20240362](https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20240362)[ ](https://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20240362)[pISSN 2466-0493](pISSN 2466-0493) • eISSN 2466-054X  \nImpact of regular cystoscopy on prognosis in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer:  \nA nationwide study  \nJeong-Soo Kim1,*, Jooyoung Lee1,*, Chung Un Lee2, Tuan Thanh Nguyen3, Se Young Choi4  \n1Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 2Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Korea, 3Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 4Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea  \nPurpose: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-BT) requires follow-up evaluation by cystoscopy. We sought to evaluate the prognosis of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients within 6 months of surgery to identify the optimal timing for the first cystoscopy after TUR-BT.  \nMaterials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, patients newly diagnosed with NMIBC were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent cystoscopy within 6 months after TUR-BT. We considered four outcomes: recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to identify the difference in survival for each outcome stratified by cystoscopy status within 6 months after the first TUR-BT. We employed Cox regression models with IPTW to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of each outcome according to cystoscopy status.  \nResults: Among 40,678 patients, 11,940 (29.4%) did not undergo cystoscopy within 6 months. The risk of recurrence was higher for patients who underwent cystoscopy than those who did not (HR 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–1.38, p\u003C0.001) . By contrast, the cystoscopy group had a lower risk of progression compared to the non-cystoscopy group (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.65–0.76, p\u003C0.001), with lower cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.56–0.68, p\u003C0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.56– 0.60, p\u003C0.001) .  \nConclusions: Cystoscopy within 6 months was associated with a higher risk of recurrence but a lower risk of progression and death. Therefore, regular cystoscopy after the first TUR-BT for NMIBC is essential to ensure favorable survival outcomes.  \nKeywords: Cystoscopy; Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; Prognosis  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nBladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary tract malignancy in men and the tenth most common in  \nboth sexes worldwide [1]. Approximately 75% of bladder cancers are non–muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) and confined to the mucosa or submucosa [2]. NMIBCs exhibit more favorable cancer-specific mortality than their muscle-  \nReceived: October 14, 2024 • Revised: December 5, 2024 • Accepted: June 7, 2025 • Published online: July 1, 2025  \nCorresponding Author: Se Young Choi  [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-0966](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-0966)  \nDepartment of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea TEL: +82-2-6299-1810, [E-mail: alse3025@gmail.com](E-mail: alse3025@gmail.com)  \n*These authors contributed equally to this study and should be considered co-first authors.  \nⓒThe Korean Urological Association [www.icurology.org](www.icurology.org)  \nRegular cyst","cbCaicRVMmybbCe4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicRVMmybbCe4","pdf",585001,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What was the study purpose regarding cystoscopy timing after TUR-BT?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate prognosis in NMIBC patients within 6 months after surgery and identify the optimal timing for the first cystoscopy after TUR-BT.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients grouped in the retrospective analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Patients newly diagnosed with NMIBC were divided into two groups based on whether they underwent cystoscopy within 6 months after TUR-BT.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find about outcomes when cystoscopy occurred within 6 months?\",\"answer\":\"Cystoscopy within 6 months was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, but lower risk of progression and death.\"}]","Impact of Regular Cystoscopy on Prognosis in Non - Muscle - Invasive Bladder Cancer - A Nationwide Study | PDF",1790177967,23]