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This study assessed radiobiological responses to proton irradiation (2, 4, and 6 Gy) using established and patient-derived malignant cell lines, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and skin fibroblasts. Clonogenic assays, γH2AX, and p53 staining showed comparable responses across breast cancer molecular subtypes, with TNBC-derived fibroblasts more radioresistant than luminal A-derived fibroblasts. Skin fibroblasts responded uniformly across doses.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-proton-irradiation-depending-on-breast-cancer-subtype-in-patient-derived-cell-lines/338312/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-proton-irradiation-depending-on-breast-cancer-subtype-in-patient-derived-cell-lines/338312.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What radiation dose range was used in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cells were irradiated with proton doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which assays were used to evaluate radiobiological response?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Radiobiological effects were assessed using clonogenic assays, γH2AX, and p53 staining.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Did breast cancer cell lines with different subtypes respond differently to proton irradiation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Breast cancer lines representing different molecular subtypes showed no significant variation in their response to proton irradiation.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"How did cancer-associated fibroblasts differ between TNBC and luminal A?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Fibroblasts from TNBC tumors were more resistant to ionizing radiation than fibroblasts derived from luminal A tumors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},338312,1790102741,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":31},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Article  \nImpact of Proton Irradiation Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype in Patient-Derived Cell Lines  \nMarika Musielak 1,2,3,*, Kinga Graczyk 4,5, Małgorzata Liszka 5, Athanasia Christou 5, Monika A. Rosochowicz 2,3,6, Michał S. Lach 3, Beata Adamczyk 7, Wiktoria M. Suchorska 1,3, Tomasz Piotrowski 1,8, Bo Stenerlöw 9 and Julian Malicki 1,8  \nCitation: Musielak, M.; Graczyk, K.; Liszka, M.; Christou, A.; Rosochowicz, M.A.; Lach, M.S.; Adamczyk, B.; Suchorska, W.M.; Piotrowski, T.; Stenerlöw, B.; et al. Impact of Proton Irradiation Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype in Patient-Derived Cell Lines. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10494. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms251910494  \nAcademic Editors: Ehnman Monika, Rainer Heuchel and Jonas Fuxe  \nReceived: 27 August 2024  \nRevised: 26 September 2024  \nAccepted: 27 September 2024  \nPublished: 29 September 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; [wiktoria.suchorska@wco.pl](wiktoria.suchorska@wco.pl) (W.M.S.); [tomasz.piotrowski@wco.pl](tomasz.piotrowski@wco.pl) (T.P.); [julian.malicki@wco.pl](julian.malicki@wco.pl) (J.M.)  \n2 Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; [monika.rosochowicz@wco.pl](monika.rosochowicz@wco.pl)  \n[3](3 Radiobiology Laboratory)[ Radiobiology Laboratory](3 Radiobiology Laboratory), [Department of Medical Physics](Department of Medical Physics), [Greater Poland Cancer Centre](Greater Poland Cancer Centre), [61-866 Poznan](61-866 Poznan), Poland; [michal.lach@wco.pl](michal.lach@wco.pl)  \n4 Clinical Dosimetry, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; [kinga.graczyk@wco.pl](kinga.graczyk@wco.pl)  \n5 The Skandion Clinic, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; [malgorzata.liszka@skandion.se](malgorzata.liszka@skandion.se) (M.L.); [athanasia.christou@skandion.se](athanasia.christou@skandion.se) (A.C.)  \n6 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland  \n7 Breast Surgical Oncology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; [beata.adamczyk@wco.pl](beata.adamczyk@wco.pl)  \n8 Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland  \n9 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University,  \n753 10 Uppsala, Sweden; [bo.stenerlow@igp.uu.se](bo.stenerlow@igp.uu.se)  \n* [Correspondence: marika.musielak@wco.pl](Correspondence: marika.musielak@wco.pl)  \nSimple Summary: Patient-specific factors must be thoroughly analyzed to minimize the side effects of applied treatments. This study examined the radiobiological response of established and patientderived malignant cell lines, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and skin fibroblasts to proton irradiation (IRR). Using clonogenic assay, γH2AX, and p53 staining, it was found that breast cancer cell lines of different subtypes had similar responses. However, cancer-associated fibroblasts from TNBC tumors were more resistant than those from luminal A tumors. Skin fibroblasts responded uniformly across all doses. The responses of patient-derived cell lines suggested that each patient may have a distinct radiotherapy result due to specific tumor microenvironmental characteristics.  \nAbstract: Research on different types of ionizing radiation’s effects has been ongoing for years, revealing its efficacy in damaging cancer cells. Solid tumors comprise diverse cell types, each being able to respond differently to radiation. This study evaluated the radiobiological response ","cbCaidCKTXwrGBog","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidCKTXwrGBog","pdf",5010318,"English","# Introduction\n## Proton radiotherapy in breast cancer\n## Role of molecular factors in radiobiological response\n## Study rationale and cell models","[{\"question\":\"What radiation dose range was used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Cells were irradiated with proton doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy.\"},{\"question\":\"Which assays were used to evaluate radiobiological response?\",\"answer\":\"Radiobiological effects were assessed using clonogenic assays, γH2AX, and p53 staining.\"},{\"question\":\"Did breast cancer cell lines with different subtypes respond differently to proton irradiation?\",\"answer\":\"Breast cancer lines representing different molecular subtypes showed no significant variation in their response to proton irradiation.\"},{\"question\":\"How did cancer-associated fibroblasts differ between TNBC and luminal A?\",\"answer\":\"Fibroblasts from TNBC tumors were more resistant to ionizing radiation than fibroblasts derived from luminal A tumors.\"}]","Impact of Proton Irradiation Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype in Patient-Derived Cell Lines | PDF",1790023005]