[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-450320-105":59,"doc-detail-450320-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","impact-of-conflict-induced-stress-on-the-length-of-craniofacial-growth","Impact of conflict-induced stress on the length of craniofacial growth","","Study evaluates how chronic environmental stress from long-term residence in a conflict zone affects craniofacial growth in healthy children and adolescents. A retrospective cohort of 158 Israeli participants was split between Gaza envelope residents with chronic security threats and central Israel residents with low exposure. Cephalometric measures assessed cranial base, maxilla, and mandible lengths, alongside skeletal/dental maturation by cervical vertebral maturation and Demirjian’s index. Gaza envelope children showed significantly shorter anterior and posterior cranial base lengths, with weakened craniofacial measurement correlations and stronger effects in females.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-conflict-induced-stress-on-the-length-of-craniofacial-growth/450320/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-conflict-induced-stress-on-the-length-of-craniofacial-growth/450320.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Valentina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was chronic conflict exposure compared in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Children from the Gaza envelope with chronic exposure to security threats were compared with counterparts from central Israel with low exposure.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which craniofacial measurements differed significantly between groups?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Gaza envelope children had significantly shorter lengths of both the anterior and posterior cranial bases compared with central Israel children.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Did the study find differences between males and females?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Yes. Female children in the Gaza envelope group showed more pronounced reductions across most craniofacial parameters.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450320,1791235107,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nImpact of conflict-induced stress on the length of craniofacial growth  \nThabetAsbi1,2,7􀀍, Doron Haim1,7, Isabelle Meinster1, Liat Barness-Hadar1, JamilA. Shibli3,4,5, Ofer Sarne6, Nir Shpack1,6 & Diva Lugassy1,6  \nIn this study, we investigated the effect of chronic environmental stress, due to long-term residence in a conflict zone, on the lengths ofthe anterior and posterior cranial base, maxilla, and mandible in healthy children and adolescents. A retrospective cohort of 158 Israeli children (mean age:  \n13.42 ± 1.41 years) was divided into two groups: children from Gaza envelope (n = 82), with chronic exposure to security threats, and their counterparts from central Israel (n = 76), with low exposure. Cephalometric measurements were obtained from lateral radiographs using standardized protocols. The children’s skeletal and dental maturation stages were assessed via cervical vertebral maturation and Demirjian’s tooth development index. Compared with children in the central Israel, Gaza envelope children presented significantly shorter lengths of both the anterior (mean difference: 3.37 mm,  \np = 0.008) and posterior cranial bases (mean difference: 2.92 mm, p = 0.005) . No significant differences were found in mandibular body length, ramus height, effective mandibular or maxillary length, orthe maxillomandibular differential. Correlation analyses revealed weakened associations among craniofacial measurements in the conflict-exposed group, suggesting environmental disruption of coordinated craniofacial growth. Notably, female children in the Gaza envelope group were more affected, with significantly smaller measurements across most craniofacial parameters. Chronic exposure to conflict-related stress is associated with reduced cranial base growth in children, particularly in females. These findings underscore the vulnerability of endochondral growth structures to environmental stress, especially anterior cranial base, and suggest a potential link between psychosocial factors and altered craniofacial development.  \nKeywords Chronic stress, Craniofacial growth, Psychosocial factors, Anterior cranial base, Posterior cranial base  \nCraniofacial development is governed by a tightly coordinated interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. A key element in this process is the cranial base, a central structure formed through endochondral ossification, in which cartilage is gradually replaced by bone via chondrocyte proliferation1. This mechanism, which the cranial base shares with long bones of the limbs2, is modulated by systemic endocrine signals, most notably growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and is thus particularly susceptible to systemic biological disruptions3–5. In contrast, the maxilla and mandible develop through intramembranous ossification, involving direct bone formation within mesenchymal tissue, rendering these structures less reliant on hormonal pathways and possibly more resistant to systemic environmental stressors6.  \nThe cranial base grows through cartilaginous synchondroses, which serve as active growth centers analogous to epiphyseal plates in long bones2. These synchondroses govern the anteroposterior elongation of the cranial base and are essential in shaping the overall craniofacial architecture. The anterior cranial base influences the positioning of the maxilla through brain expansion, whereas the posterior cranial base plays a critical role in the articulation and positioning of the mandible1. Therefore, perturbations in cranial base development can have cascading consequences for midfacial projection, occlusion, and facial harmony7,8.  \nWhile genetic factors account for a significant proportion (50–80%) of the variability in skeletal maturation9, 10, environmental influences, including nutrition, physical activity, and psychosocial stress, can significantly  \n1Maccabi-Dent Research Departme","cbCaipKdSD47Gy09","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipKdSD47Gy09","pdf",1600806,"English","# Introduction\n## Craniofacial growth mechanisms\n## Role of cranial base\n## Stress physiology and the HPA axis\n# Methods and Measurements\n## Study design and groups\n## Cephalometric measurements\n## Maturation assessment\n# Results\n## Cranial base length differences\n## Correlation changes\n## Sex-specific effects","[{\"question\":\"How was chronic conflict exposure compared in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Children from the Gaza envelope with chronic exposure to security threats were compared with counterparts from central Israel with low exposure.\"},{\"question\":\"Which craniofacial measurements differed significantly between groups?\",\"answer\":\"Gaza envelope children had significantly shorter lengths of both the anterior and posterior cranial bases compared with central Israel children.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the study find differences between males and females?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Female children in the Gaza envelope group showed more pronounced reductions across most craniofacial parameters.\"}]","Impact of conflict-induced stress on the length of craniofacial growth | PDF",1790732872,25]