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The Swedish registry cohort from 2009–2018 was followed until January 2023, using Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analyses.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/impact-of-breast-cancer-characteristics-on-the-development-and-time-to-liver-metastases-population-based-study/352914/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/impact-of-breast-cancer-characteristics-on-the-development-and-time-to-liver-metastases-population-based-study/352914.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main goal of this study on breast cancer liver metastases?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To investigate the risk of developing BCLM and the time to BCLM for each breast cancer surrogate subtype, and to determine the incidence of BCLM in a population-based setting.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were BCLM risk and time to metastasis analyzed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Risk for BCLM by subtype was estimated using Cox regression, while the probability of BCLM over time was assessed with Kaplan–Meier estimates.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which breast cancer subtypes had the highest risk and earliest development of liver metastases?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Triple-negative, non-luminal HER2-positive, and luminal B cancers had the highest risk. HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes developed BCLM early, with a median time of 9 months.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},352914,1790120672,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","BJS Open, 2026, zrag036  \n[https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrag036](https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrag036)  \nOriginal Article  \nImpact of breast cancer characteristics on the development and time to liver metastases: population-based study  \nMarcus Sundén1,*, Elin Lindqvist1, Ellen Wahlqvist1, Ellen Hansson1, Charlotta Wadsten1 , Anne Andersson2, Malin Sund1,3 and Oskar Hemmingsson1   \n1Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 2Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 3Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland  \n*Correspondence to: Marcus Sundén, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ([e-mail: marcus.sunden@umu.se](e-mail: marcus.sunden@umu.se))  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In many patients, BC liver metastases (BCLM) are associated with short survival. The aims ofthis study were to investigate the risk of and time to BCLMin each BC surrogate subtype, and to determine the incidence of BCLM in a population-based setting.  \nMethods: The Swedish national breast cancer registry identified patients with BC in a regional cohort from 2009 to 2018. The cohort was followed until January 2023. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk of BCLM for each subtype. Kaplan–Meier estimates determined the probability of BCLM for each subtype over time.  \nResults: In all, 7292 patients with BC were included in the study. Distant metastases developed in 755 patients (10.4%); of these, 345 (45.7%) developed BCLM. The BCLM incidence rate was 8 per 1000 person-years. Only 13 patients had oligometastases isolated to the liver. Triple-negative, non-luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and luminal B cancers had the highest risk of BCLM. T category, nodal status, and Nottingham histological grade III were also strongly associated with BCLM. The median time from BC diagnosis to BCLM was 36 months. Patients with HER2-positive BC subtypes developed BCLM early, at a median of only 9 months.  \nConclusion: BC subtype is correlated to the risk and timing of BCLM development. BCLM are common in advanced BC, but isolated oligometastases are rare.  \nIntroduction  \nDespite advances in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer (BC), prognosis remains dismal. In a recent study investigating survival for patients with metastatic BC in Sweden, Valachiset al.1 reported a median survival of 30 months. There are large differences in survival depending on the BC surrogate subtype, histological grade, hormone receptor expression, and site of metastasis. Patients with bone metastases may survive for many years with stable disease, whereas cancer spread to visceral organs such as the liver is associated with poor prognosis1–3. It is also known from previous studies that the hormone receptor expression profile, specifically expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), affects the establishment of metastases in specific organs4–8.  \nTo optimize patient information, surveillance, and treatment protocols, it is important to study organ-specific metastases in subcohorts of BC. BCs are divided into surrogate subtypes according to the St. Gallen classification9 , which is based on hormone receptor expression, histological grade, and cell proliferation rate. There are five subtypes in the St. Gallen  \nclassification9: luminal A, luminal B, luminal HER2-positive, non-luminal HER2-positive, and triple-negative BC (TNBC) . Luminal A cancers have the best prognosis and have an affinity for bone in the metastatic setting. TNBC has the worst prognosis and is more prone to metastasize to the brain or viscera.  \nLocal treatment, such as surgery, ablation, or stereotactic radiation therapy, may prolong survival in select ","cbCaibMNyboOaJQz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibMNyboOaJQz","pdf",255912,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Breast cancer subtypes and prognosis\n## Organ-specific metastases and local treatment\n## Need for surveillance and imaging follow-up","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this study on breast cancer liver metastases?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the risk of developing BCLM and the time to BCLM for each breast cancer surrogate subtype, and to determine the incidence of BCLM in a population-based setting.\"},{\"question\":\"How were BCLM risk and time to metastasis analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Risk for BCLM by subtype was estimated using Cox regression, while the probability of BCLM over time was assessed with Kaplan–Meier estimates.\"},{\"question\":\"Which breast cancer subtypes had the highest risk and earliest development of liver metastases?\",\"answer\":\"Triple-negative, non-luminal HER2-positive, and luminal B cancers had the highest risk. HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes developed BCLM early, with a median time of 9 months.\"}]","Impact of breast cancer characteristics on the development and time to liver metastases: population-based study | PDF",1790101967,15]