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This review synthesizes recent immunotherapeutic progress for bone metastases, covering immune checkpoint inhibitors used alone or in combination and the exploration of new immune-cell–based targets within the bone metastatic niche. It also outlines the biological context of bone metastasis, including immune microenvironment features and colonization processes, to support clinical translation and future research directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/immunotherapy-in-the-fight-against-bone-metastases-a-review-of-recent-developments-and-challenges/332703/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/immunotherapy-in-the-fight-against-bone-metastases-a-review-of-recent-developments-and-challenges/332703.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are bone metastases clinically important in advanced cancers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Bone metastases frequently occur in advanced malignancies and often lead to bone destruction, skeletal-related events such as severe pain and spinal cord compression, and a generally poor prognosis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What immunotherapy approaches does the review focus on for bone metastases?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review highlights immune checkpoint inhibitors, both as monotherapies and in combination strategies, and discusses the investigation of novel targets within immune cells located in the bone metastasis environment.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the bone immune microenvironment influence bone metastasis and immunotherapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Bone tissue contains a distinctive immune microenvironment that supports metastatic tumor colonization and alters the balance of osteoblast and osteoclast activities, which shapes how immunotherapy may be targeted.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332703,1790102158,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Immunotherapy in the Fight Against Bone Metastases: A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges  \nZhonghui Peng1 · Wei Huang1 · Ziyu Xiao1 · Jinge Wang1 · Yongzhe Zhu1 · Fudou Zhang1 · Dongqiang Lan2 · Fengjiao He2  \nAccepted: 14 August 2024 / Published online: 22 October 2024 © The Author(s) 2024  \nOpinion Statement  \nBone metastasis, a frequent and detrimental complication of advanced cancers, often triggers bone deterioration events that severely compromise patient quality of life and prognosis. The past few years have witnessed the emergence and continuous advancements in immunotherapy, ushering in innovative therapeutic prospects for bone metastasis. These advancements include not only the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), both as standalone and combined treatments, but also the investigation of novel targets within immune cells residing in bone metastases. These breakthroughs have instilled fresh optimism for effectively managing patients with bone metastasis. This article endeavors to present an exhaustive review of the recent progress made across a spectrum of immunotherapeutic strategies and targeted therapies specifically designed for individuals battling bone metastasis from malignant tumors. By doing so, it seeks to offer insights that can inform clinical practices and guide further medical research in this domain.  \nKeywords Immunotherapy · Bone Metastases · Developments and Challenges  \nIntroduction: The Significance  \nof Immunotherapy for Bone Metastasis  \nThe characteristic tropism, or tendency, of cancer cells for distant metastasis, is well-established in clinical practice. It is now known that one of the most frequent locations for malignant tumors to metastasize is the bone. Bones have a unique microenvironment where tumors preferentially colonize, allowing for the growth and prosperity of metastatic tumor cells [1–4] . Bone metastases exhibit a predilection for specific malignancies, including breast, prostate, lung, and melanoma. Their incidence reportedly increases with advancing disease stages at the time of diagnosis [5, 6] . Traditional anti-tumor treatments, including external beam radiation therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and targeted  \nZhonghui Peng and Wei Huang contributed equally to this work.  \n* Fengjiao He[hfj0513@hnucm.edu.cn](hfj0513@hnucm.edu.cn)  \n1 Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China  \n2 Department of Oncology, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, China  \nbiologics, play a role in managing metastatic bone disease. Bisphosphonates and denosumab have become cornerstone medications in this area [7]. However, bone metastases typically signify a poor prognosis and are seldom curable. Bone destruction is frequently accompanied by the occurrence of skeletal-related events (SREs) such as nerve impingement, spinal cord compression, and severe pain. Pathological fractures are also prevalent symptoms in these cases [5] . These SREs significantly diminish patient quality of life and physical function.  \nIn recent years, immunotherapy has shown promising potential across various cancer treatments. It dynamically regulates or rejuvenates the immune system of the body to effectively target and eliminate cancer cells through various pathways. This serves as an additional effective tool in the battle against cancer, complementing surgical procedures, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies [8, 9] . Currently, cancer immunotherapy can be broadly classified into four main categories: ICIs, cellular immunotherapies, tumor vaccines, and non-specific immunomodulators [10] . Breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, have revealed substantial potential value for patients with bone metastases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these  \nadvancements and their application for patients with bone metastasis from malignant tumors.  \nThe Immune Microenvironment o","cbCairRTrD0JqCS2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairRTrD0JqCS2","pdf",857277,16,"English","# Opinion Statement\n# Introduction: The Significance of Immunotherapy for Bone Metastasis\n# The Immune Microenvironment of Bone Metastases\n# Bone Colonization Progress","[{\"question\":\"Why are bone metastases clinically important in advanced cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Bone metastases frequently occur in advanced malignancies and often lead to bone destruction, skeletal-related events such as severe pain and spinal cord compression, and a generally poor prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"What immunotherapy approaches does the review focus on for bone metastases?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights immune checkpoint inhibitors, both as monotherapies and in combination strategies, and discusses the investigation of novel targets within immune cells located in the bone metastasis environment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the bone immune microenvironment influence bone metastasis and immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Bone tissue contains a distinctive immune microenvironment that supports metastatic tumor colonization and alters the balance of osteoblast and osteoclast activities, which shapes how immunotherapy may be targeted.\"}]","Immunotherapy in the Fight Against Bone Metastases - A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges | PDF",1789999133]