[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-370767-105":59,"doc-detail-370767-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","immunosuppressantsimmunomodulators-and-malignancy","Immunosuppressants/Immunomodulators and Malignancy","","Individuals with immunosuppressive conditions face a higher risk of malignancies than the general population. Immunosuppression weakens tumor immunity, limits recognition of pro-oncogenic cells, and promotes oncogenic viral activation. Resulting malignancies often show aggressiveness, frequent virus-associated cancers, and sometimes reversibility. The choice of immunosuppressive drugs also shapes incidence, cancer type, and clinicopathological features across post-transplant and rheumatoid arthritis-associated settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/immunosuppressantsimmunomodulators-and-malignancy/370767/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/immunosuppressantsimmunomodulators-and-malignancy/370767.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why do immunosuppressive conditions increase malignancy risk?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Immunosuppression weakens tumor immunity, impairs detection of pro-oncogenic cells, and activates oncogenic viruses.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What makes immunosuppressive-related neoplasms sometimes reversible?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Malignancies arising under immunosuppression can regress after administering, reducing, or altering the immunosuppressive agent.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do immunosuppressive drugs affect post-transplant and RA-associated cancers?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The type of drug influences the incidence, frequency, and clinicopathological features of post-transplant malignancies and LPDs, including RA-LPD.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},370767,1790246670,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Review  \nImmunosuppressants/Immunomodulators and Malignancy  \nNorishige Iizuka 1, Yoshihiko Hoshida 2, *, Atsuko Tsujii Miyamoto 3,4, Hotaka Shigyo 4, Akira Nishigaichi 4, Gensuke Okamura 5 and Shiro Ohshima 4  \nAcademic Editor: Swaminathan  \nP. Iyer  \nReceived: 5 June 2025  \nRevised: 8 July 2025  \nAccepted: 18 July 2025  \nPublished: 21 July 2025  \nCitation: Iizuka, N.; Hoshida, Y.; Miyamoto, A.T.; Shigyo, H.;  \nNishigaichi, A.; Okamura, G.; Ohshima, S. Immunosuppressants/ Immunomodulatorsand Malignancy.  \nJ. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 5160. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145160](doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145160)  \n[Copyright:](Copyright:) © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Pathology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada 596-8501, Osaka, Japan; [iizuka.n@gmail.com](iizuka.n@gmail.com)  \n[2](2 Department of Pathology)[ Department of Pathology](2 Department of Pathology), [NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center](NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center), [Kawachinagano 586-8521](Kawachinagano 586-8521), [Osaka](Osaka), [Japan](Japan)[ ](Japan)3 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University  \nof Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; [a.tsujii@imed3.med.osaka-u.ac.jp](a.tsujii@imed3.med.osaka-u.ac.jp)  \n4 Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano 586-8521, Osaka, Japan; [hokaka306@gmail.com](hokaka306@gmail.com) (H.S.); [nishigaichi.akira.za@mail.hosp.go.jp](nishigaichi.akira.za@mail.hosp.go.jp) (A.N.); [ohshima.shiro.tr@mail.hosp.go.jp](ohshima.shiro.tr@mail.hosp.go.jp) (S.O.)  \n5 Department of Orthopedics, NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano 586-8521, Osaka, Japan; [gensuke.okamura@gmail.com](gensuke.okamura@gmail.com)  \n* [Correspondence: hoshida65317@gmail.com](Correspondence: hoshida65317@gmail.com); Tel.: +81-721-53-5761; Fax: +81-721-53-8904  \nAbstract  \nIndividuals with immunosuppressive conditions are at a higher risk of developing malignancies than those in the general population. Immunosuppression weakens tumor immunity, hinders the detection of pro-oncogenic cells, and activates oncogenic viruses. Malignancies arising in immunosuppressed patients tend to be aggressive, have a high incidence of virus-associated cancers, and are reversible in some cases. Notably, immunosuppressive agents influence the frequency and type of malignancies, as well as their clinicopathological features. Organ transplant recipients receive long-term immunosuppressants to prevent acute rejection. Post-transplant malignancies vary depending on the type of drug administered before the onset of these diseases. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are treated with long-term immunosuppressive medications, such as methotrexate (MTX) . MTX is widely recognized as being associated with a specific typeof lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), known as MTX-associated LPD. Our recent report indicated that the clinicopathological features of rheumatoid arthritis-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (RA-LPD) also vary based on the other anti-RA agents used, such as tacrolimus and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Therefore, the clinicopathological characteristics of post-transplant LPD and RA-LPD evolve alongside the changes in the immunosuppressants/immunomodulators administered. Understanding the various characteristics and time trends of immunosuppressive neoplasms, particularly LPDs, in relation to different immunosuppressant/immunomodulator medications is highly valuable in clinical practice.  \nKeywords: post-transplant malignancy; post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders; rheumatoid arthritis-associated lymphoproliferative disord","cbCaisUqk7G7Cur0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisUqk7G7Cur0","pdf",2672228,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Distinct features of malignancies under immunosuppression\n## Immunosuppressive states and iatrogenic causes\n## Drug choice, dosage, and cancer incidence","[{\"question\":\"Why do immunosuppressive conditions increase malignancy risk?\",\"answer\":\"Immunosuppression weakens tumor immunity, impairs detection of pro-oncogenic cells, and activates oncogenic viruses.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes immunosuppressive-related neoplasms sometimes reversible?\",\"answer\":\"Malignancies arising under immunosuppression can regress after administering, reducing, or altering the immunosuppressive agent.\"},{\"question\":\"How do immunosuppressive drugs affect post-transplant and RA-associated cancers?\",\"answer\":\"The type of drug influences the incidence, frequency, and clinicopathological features of post-transplant malignancies and LPDs, including RA-LPD.\"}]","Immunosuppressants/Immunomodulators and Malignancy | PDF",1790190264,66]