[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-375545-105":59,"doc-detail-375545-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-breast-cancer-a-narrative-review","Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer - A Narrative Review","","Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although metastatic disease remains incurable, outcomes have improved over the past decade with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), including across metastatic and neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings. ICI therapy carries distinct immune-mediated adverse events (irAE) that can be potentially fatal. This review summarizes clinical evidence for ICIs and details commonly observed irAE and treatments for them, emphasizing early recognition and multidisciplinary management led by oncologists.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-breast-cancer-a-narrative-review/375545/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-in-breast-cancer-a-narrative-review/375545.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What clinical role do immune checkpoint inhibitors play in breast cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape and are reviewed across metastatic and neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings, with clinical value shown alone or combined with chemotherapy.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why are immune-mediated adverse events (irAE) important for ICI patients?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review explains that irAEs are unique side effects driven by immune system activation, can be potentially fatal, and differ from conventional chemotherapy toxicities.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How should irAEs be identified and managed in practice?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Oncologists must recognize irAEs early, and management is based on immunosuppressive treatment with a multidisciplinary approach to coordinate patient care.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},375545,1790753376,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Oncol Ther (2023) 11:171–183  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-023-00224-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-023-00224-9)  \nREVIEW  \nImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review  \nPaulo Nunes Filho  . Caroline Albuquerque . Mariana Pilon Capella .  \nMarcio Debiasi  \nReceived: December 20, 2022 / Accepted: February 24, 2023 / Published online: March 14, 2023 􀀂 The Author(s) 2023  \nABSTRACT  \nBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in patients worldwide and the main cause of cancer-related death. Though still incurable, metastatic breast cancer’s prognosis has been considerably improved in the past 10 years due to the introduction of new targeted agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) . However, these medications are associated with unique side effects known as immunemediated adverse events (irAE) . In this paper, we review the clinical evidence for the use of ICIs in breast cancer, in both the metastatic as well as neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting, followed by a review of irAE most commonly seen, and the medications used to treat them. Our opinion is that any cancer specialist treating patients with breast cancer should be aware of these side  \nP. Nunes Filho (&)  \nLabcorp Drug Development, Burlington, NC, USA  \ne-mail: [paulo.nunes@labcorp.com](paulo.nunes@labcorp.com)  \n[C. Albuquerque](C. Albuquerque)  \nHospital S˜ao Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil  \nM. Pilon Capella  \nMcGill University, Montreal, Canada  \nM. Debiasi  \nBreast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre/ Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal  \nP. Nunes Filho  \nRua Augusto Pestana, 25/92, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil  \neffects for early detection and management, and oncologists should be the leaders of the multidisciplinary team that will take care of them.  \nKeywords: Breast neoplasms; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions; Patient care team; Oncologists  \nKey Summary Points  \nImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) changed the treatment landscape of breast cancer.  \nHowever, ICIs are associated with specific side effects known as immune-mediated adverse events that are unique and potentially fatal.  \nImmune-mediated adverse events have aspecific presentation, differ from other therapies’ side effects, and the treatment is based on immunosuppressive treatment and needs a multidisciplinary approach,  \nOncologists must know how to identify these adverse events early and lead the multidisciplinary team that will provide patient care.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the way cancer is treated in the past 10 years. Recent estimates state that approximately 46% of all patients in the USA shall be eligible to receive this kind of therapy.  \n[1] These medications are monoclonal antibodies targeting either the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)–CD28 or the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axes. Immunotherapy is currently the standard of care for the systemic treatment of several malignancies, from solid tumors to hematological diseases, and is used in a diversity of settings, from curative to palliative [2] .  \nDespite their known therapeutic benefit, ICIs are associated with a unique profile of side effects caused by an off-target effect due to excessive immune system activation [3] . These toxicities, also known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), are completely different from standard cytotoxic chemotherapy side effects with which clinicians are more familiar. The incidence of irAEs is variable, depending upon the agent used, the cancer type, and patient characteristics. Fatal events are quite rare, ranging from 0.3% to 1.3% of patients, with a median time to fatal irAEs onset of about 14.5 days [4] .  \nBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in female patients worldwide, accounting for 2.3 million new cases annually [5] . Even though only 5% of these patients are diagnosed w","cbCaifzuoDcluBYa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifzuoDcluBYa","pdf",312331,"English","# Abstract\n# Key Summary Points\n# Introduction\n# Overview of the Clinical Evidence\n## Immunotherapy value in trials\n## Triple-negative breast cancer and unmet needs\n## GeparNUEVO trial overview","[{\"question\":\"What clinical role do immune checkpoint inhibitors play in breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape and are reviewed across metastatic and neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings, with clinical value shown alone or combined with chemotherapy.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are immune-mediated adverse events (irAE) important for ICI patients?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that irAEs are unique side effects driven by immune system activation, can be potentially fatal, and differ from conventional chemotherapy toxicities.\"},{\"question\":\"How should irAEs be identified and managed in practice?\",\"answer\":\"Oncologists must recognize irAEs early, and management is based on immunosuppressive treatment with a multidisciplinary approach to coordinate patient care.\"}]","Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer - A Narrative Review | PDF",1790215326,33]