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The report reviews program types, funding models, availability, and effectiveness, based on state and national data, interviews with community and technical college staff, and review of national research. Findings highlight rapidly growing immigrant student populations, limited data tracking on immigration status, scarce rigorous evidence on program effectiveness, and a recommendation to track immigrant students within existing K–12 systems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/immigrant-secondary-students-in-washington-state-population-trends-and-high-school-diploma-programs/264656/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/immigrant-secondary-students-in-washington-state-population-trends-and-high-school-diploma-programs/264656.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What prompted this study in Washington State?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The 2005 Washington State Legislature directed the Institute to analyze the availability, services, and effectiveness of programs in community and technical colleges for recent immigrant students who are not proficient in English and have not met graduation requirements.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the report say about immigrant student population trends in Washington?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It indicates that immigrant populations are increasing rapidly. English Language Learner students grow as a share of K–12 students statewide, and Washington’s immigrant population increases faster than overall population growth.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What does the report recommend to improve and expand programs?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"As a first step, the Institute recommends that the state track immigrant students in existing K–12 data systems to improve the ability to identify and support this population.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},264656,1789385294,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Washington State Institute for Public Policy  \n 110 Fifth Avenue Southeast, Suite 214 y PO Box 40999 y Olympia, WA 98504-0999 y (360) 586-2677 y FAX (360) [586-2793](586-2793 y www.wsipp.wa.gov)[ y](586-2793 y www.wsipp.wa.gov)[ www.wsipp.wa.gov](586-2793 y www.wsipp.wa.gov)   \nJanuary 2007  \nIMMIGRANT SECONDARY STUDENTS IN WASHINGTON STATE: POPULATION TRENDS AND HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA PROGRAMS  \nThe 2005 Washington State Legislature directed the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (Institute) to “conduct an analysis of the availability, services , and effectiveness of programs in community and technical colleges that serve the educational needs of recent immigrant students who are not proficient in English and who are or have been enrolled in high school but have not met graduation requirements.”1 The review is to examine the types, funding models, availability, and effectiveness of programs provided in Washington State. The Legislature further directed the Institute to develop“recommendations for improving the programs to better meet the needs of recent immigrant students and for expanding the availability of programs statewide.”2  \nFor this study, the Institute analyzed state and national data, interviewed program staff at Washington community and technical colleges, and reviewed national research.  \nThis report is organized as follows:  \n1) Immigrant Students and Education:  \nBackground  \n2) Programs Serving Recent Immigrant Secondary Students  \n3) State Policy Recommendation  \n1  \n2  \nESSB 6090, Section 608 (3), Chapter 518, Laws of 2005. Ibid.  \nSummary  \nData tracking immigrant students are scarce, but available measures suggest that this population is increasing rapidly. In Washington State, English Language Learner (ELL) students make up an increasing share of K–12 students statewide, growing from 2 percent of students in 1985–86 to about 8 percent in 2004–05. Currently, there are more than 16,000 Washington high school students who are not proficient in the English language. It is unknown how many of these students recently immigrated to the state.  \nImmigrant students face unique barriers to academic achievement, including language challenges, cultural differences, lack of familiarity with American public school systems, and high rates of poverty. These challenges are associated with poor academic outcomes, including low test scores and graduation rates.  \nThe study legislation directs the Institute to review community and technical college (CTC) programs for immigrant secondary students. This review finds that there are no CTC programs in Washington specifically designed to serve immigrant students seeking a high school diploma. Washington CTCs operate three types of diploma programs for any adult student: high school completion (29 programs), contract retrieval (ten programs), and technical high schools (three programs) . Statewide, fewer than 200 immigrant students under age 22 enroll in these programs annually.  \nNo rigorous, empirical research examines the effectiveness of programs for immigrant secondary students, and Washington State currently does not systematically collect information about students’immigration status. As a first step in improving and expanding high school completion programs for this population, the Institute recommends that the state track immigrant students in existing K–12 data systems.  \n1) Immigrant Students and Public Education: Background  \nThis section provides information about immigrant student population trends, special challenges, and academic outcomes.  \nPopulation Trends  \nNationally and in Washington State, the immigrant population—many of whom are school-age children struggling to learn English—is increasing. Direct estimates of the size and distribution of immigrant public school students are not readily available, but there are indicators that outline population trends, including data from the U.S. Census and the Washington State Transitional Bilingual Instructional","cbCaimcnqZlp4nzm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimcnqZlp4nzm","pdf",125277,"English","# Immigrant Students and Education: Background\n## Population Trends\n# Programs Serving Recent Immigrant Secondary Students\n## Program availability and types\n# State Policy Recommendation\n## Tracking immigrant students in K–12 data systems","[{\"question\":\"What prompted this study in Washington State?\",\"answer\":\"The 2005 Washington State Legislature directed the Institute to analyze the availability, services, and effectiveness of programs in community and technical colleges for recent immigrant students who are not proficient in English and have not met graduation requirements.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report say about immigrant student population trends in Washington?\",\"answer\":\"It indicates that immigrant populations are increasing rapidly. English Language Learner students grow as a share of K–12 students statewide, and Washington’s immigrant population increases faster than overall population growth.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the report recommend to improve and expand programs?\",\"answer\":\"As a first step, the Institute recommends that the state track immigrant students in existing K–12 data systems to improve the ability to identify and support this population.\"}]","Immigrant Secondary Students in Washington State: Population Trends and High School Diploma Programs | PDF"]