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Emphasis is placed on clinical responses, benefit–risk considerations, and cosmetic outcomes in premalignant and malignant skin disorders.",{"@graph":14,"@context":65},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/imiquimod-as-local-immunotherapy-in-the-management-of-premalignant-cutaneous-conditions-and-skin-cancer/375574/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/imiquimod-as-local-immunotherapy-in-the-management-of-premalignant-cutaneous-conditions-and-skin-cancer/375574.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How is treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer typically selected?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Management relies on expected outcomes, tumor parameters such as histological subtype, size, and anatomical location, along with treatment cost, patient preferences, general health, and estimated life expectancy.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":67,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":69,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":71,"site_id":7},375574,1790665964,{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":75},"success",[76,80,84,88,93,97,101,106,111,114,118],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":77,"show_sort_weight":78,"slug":79},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":81,"show_sort_weight":82,"slug":83},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":89,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":98,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":113},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":117},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":121},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":74,"data":123},{"doc_id":71,"user_id":124,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":98,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":109,"language":131,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":135,"read_time":95},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Review  \nImiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer  \nEmilio Garcia-Mouronte *, Emilio Berna-Rico , Belen de Nicolas-Ruanes, Carlos Azcarraga-Llobet, Luis Alonso-Martinez de Salinas and Sonia Bea-Ardebol  \nCitation: Garcia-Mouronte, E.;  \nBerna-Rico, E.; de Nicolas-Ruanes, B.; Azcarraga-Llobet, C.;  \nAlonso-Martinez de Salinas, L.; Bea-Ardebol, S. Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer. Int. J.  \nMol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10835. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310835](doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310835)  \nAcademic Editor: Donald  \nJ. Buchsbaum  \nReceived: 5 June 2023  \nRevised: 24 June 2023  \nAccepted: 28 June 2023  \nPublished: 29 June 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain  \n* Correspondence: [emilio.garcia.mouronte@gmail.com](emilio.garcia.mouronte@gmail.com); Tel.: +34-913368582  \nAbstract: Cutaneous cancers are, by far, the most common malignant neoplasms of the human being. Due to the great array of clinical conditions, their worldwide increasing incidence and the steady ageing of the population, non-invasive treatments modalities that show a good clinical response, a proper benefit–risk ratio and cosmetic results are becoming increasingly important in the clinical setting. Imiquimod is a topically applied immunomodulator which is often used in the management of several premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders. This article is a review of the current literature on its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutical effects.  \nKeywords: imiquimod; immunomodulation; immunotherapy; topical administration; skin neoplasms; actinic keratosis; basal cell carcinoma; melanoma  \n1. Introduction  \nCutaneous cancers are by far the most common neoplasms in humans, comprising a third of all diagnosed malignancies [1–4] . Approximately 10–30% of individuals will develop skin cancer during their lifetime, which poses a serious challenge for healthcare systems [5,6] . For instance, the annual cost of treating skin cancer in the United States is estimated at USD 8.1 billion and is growing faster than that for any other type of tumour [6,7] .  \nBasal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) comprise up to 80% and 20% of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) or keratinocyte cancers, respectively [2,5] . At least 80% of NMSC cases appear in patients older than 60 years of age [2,8] . The number of new diagnosed cases of NMSC has increased by an annual rate of 3–8% during the last decades. For instance, in the United States alone, their incidence has more than tripled between 1984 and 2014 [6,9] . Different causes have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, such asiatrogenic immune suppression and an increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to a longer lifespan, more frequent outdoor activities, and ozone layer depletion [4,8,10] .  \nDue to their easily detectable nature, prompt diagnosis and local management are usually achieved [5] . Despite their high overall survival rate, NMSC are associated with considerable morbidity due to disfigurement and functional impairment [5] .  \nThe management of NMSC comprises a wide array of therapeutic options (Table 1) [7,11]. Complete eradication of the tumour is the final and most important outcome [12] . Surgical removal, preferably via the simplest method, is still the gold-standard treatment for most skin cancers, with a cure rate greater than 90%[2–5,13] . Nonetheless, the preservation of function and cosmesis should also be taken into ","cbCaivxrHcZHXfgS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivxrHcZHXfgS","pdf",1065091,"English","# Introduction\n# Skin cancer burden and clinical challenges\n# Therapeutic landscape for nonmelanoma skin cancer\n# Treatment selection factors\n# Skin cancer treatment modalities\n# Role of topical therapies and immune response modifiers\n# Focus on imiquimod","[{\"question\":\"How is treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer typically selected?\",\"answer\":\"Management relies on expected outcomes, tumor parameters such as histological subtype, size, and anatomical location, along with treatment cost, patient preferences, general health, and estimated life expectancy.\"}]","Imiquimod as Local Immunotherapy in the Management of Premalignant Cutaneous Conditions and Skin Cancer | PDF",1790215402]