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Advances have improved survival, creating a growing repaired-TOF population requiring imaging for follow-up and complication evaluation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/imaging-considerations-in-tetralogy-of-fallot-a-comprehensive-review/406848/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/imaging-considerations-in-tetralogy-of-fallot-a-comprehensive-review/406848.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Danger Angel","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Which imaging modalities are commonly used for tetralogy of Fallot?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Trans-thoracic echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the commonly used non-invasive modalities.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is precise anatomical delineation important in TOF imaging?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Accurate definition of cardiac anatomy, pulmonary artery status, and associated anomalies guides surgical decision-making.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is the role of catheter angiography in TOF?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Catheter angiography is used in specific situations for surgical planning and to perform palliative procedures for cyanotic spells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},406848,1790763811,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090769052,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","| W | J | R | World Journal of\u003Cbr>Radiology |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nSubmit a Manuscript: [https://www.f6publishing.com](https://www.f6publishing.com) World J Radiol 2025 December 28; 17(12): 112986  \nDOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.112986 ISSN 1949-8470 (online)  \nMINIREVIEWS  \nImaging considerations in tetralogy of Fallot: A comprehensive review  \nArun Sharma, Pavithra Subramanian, Raghuraman Soundararajan, Muniraju Maralakunte, Abhishek Mallick, Uma Debi, Vivek Jaswal, Rohit Manoj Kumar, Manphool Singhal  \nSpecialty type: Radiology, nuclear medicine and medical imaging  \nProvenance and peer review:  \nInvited article; Externally peer reviewed.  \nPeer-review model: Single blind  \nPeer-review report’s classification Scientific Quality: Grade B  \nNovelty: Grade B  \nCreativity or Innovation: Grade B  \nScientific Significance: Grade B  \nP-Reviewer: Cen KY, Academic Fellow, Associate Chief Physician, Malaysia  \nReceived: August 13, 2025  \nRevised: September 15, 2025  \nAccepted: November 4, 2025  \nPublished online: December 28, 2025  \nProcessing time: 135 Days and 23.9 Hours  \nArun Sharma, Pavithra Subramanian, Raghuraman Soundararajan, Muniraju Maralakunte, Uma Debi, Manphool Singhal, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India  \nAbhishek Mallick, Rohit Manoj Kumar, Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India  \nVivek Jaswal, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India  \nCo-first authors: Arun Sharma and Pavithra Subramanian.  \nCorresponding author: Manphool Singhal, MD, Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, [India.](India. drmsinghal74@gmail.com)[ drmsinghal74@gmail.com](India. drmsinghal74@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and surgical planning of TOF. Trans-thoracic echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the commonly used non-invasive imaging modalities. Precise delineation of cardiac anatomy, pulmonary artery status, and associated anomalies is essential to guide the surgeon. Catheter angiography is used in specific situations for surgical planning and also to perform palliative procedures for cyanotic spells. Advances in imaging and surgical techniques have led to a better life expectancy. This has created a population of repaired TOF patients, in whom imaging plays a crucial role in both follow-up and the evaluation of complications. This article reviews the role of imaging modalities in TOF and repaired TOF, touching upon the basics of each modality, which are necessary for pre-operative diagnosis, surgical planning, and post-operative follow-up. The standard surgical strategies are also discussed, as relevant to post-operative imaging findings.  \nKey Words: Tetralogy of Fallot; Imaging modalities; Echocardiography; Computed tomography; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; Catheter angiography; Postoperative assessment  \n©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \n WJR  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 1 December 28, 2025  Volume 17  Issue 12   \nSharma A et al. Imaging in TOF  \nCore Tip: Transthoracic echocardiography is the basic investigation in assessing pre-and post-repair tetralogy of Fallot patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is preferred in adult patients in whom all the clinical queries cannot be answered by transthoracic echocardiography, and for the assessment of cardiac functions and quantification of pulmonary regurgitation. Cardiac computed tomography, for all practical purposes, is the workhorse for pre-operative evaluation of relevant surgical anato","cbCaiiVw1NTvQ7Zj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiVw1NTvQ7Zj","pdf",10191432,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Imaging modalities and pre-operative assessment\n## Post-operative follow-up and complication evaluation","[{\"question\":\"Which imaging modalities are commonly used for tetralogy of Fallot?\",\"answer\":\"Trans-thoracic echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the commonly used non-invasive modalities.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is precise anatomical delineation important in TOF imaging?\",\"answer\":\"Accurate definition of cardiac anatomy, pulmonary artery status, and associated anomalies guides surgical decision-making.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of catheter angiography in TOF?\",\"answer\":\"Catheter angiography is used in specific situations for surgical planning and to perform palliative procedures for cyanotic spells.\"}]","Imaging considerations in tetralogy of Fallot - A comprehensive review | PDF",1790568423,38]