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\n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s1091](https://doi.org/10.1007/s1091) 1-023-09544-y  \nImagine beyond: recent breakthroughs and next challenges in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research  \nRenée van Amerongen1 · Mohamed Bentires‑Alj2 · Antonius L. van Boxtel1 · Robert B. Clarke3 · Silvia Fre4 · Eva Gonzalez Suarez5,6 · Richard Iggo7 · Martin Jechlinger8,9 · Jos Jonkers10 · Marja L. Mikkola11 · Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova12 · Therese Sørlie13 · Maria dM. Vivanco14  \nReceived: 24 April 2023 / Accepted: 25 June 2023 © The Author(s) 2023  \nAbstract  \nOn 8 December 2022 the organizing committee of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer labs (ENBDC) held its fifth annual Think Tank meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Here, we embraced the opportunity to look back to identify the most prominent breakthroughs of the past ten years and to reflect on the main challenges that lie ahead for our field in the years to come. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this position paper, in the hope that it will serve as a summary of the current state of affairs in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research for early career researchers and other newcomers in the field, and as inspiration for scientists and clinicians to move the field forward.  \nKeywords Lineage tracing · Single cell analyses · Model systems · Breast cancer heterogeneity · Treatment and recurrence · Prevention and early detection  \nIntroduction  \nThe mammary gland is an intricate organ responsible for lactation and nurturing of newborn mammalian offspring. However, it is also particularly susceptible to carcinogenesis  \nand breast cancer continues to be one of the most prevalent and challenging health concerns worldwide, affecting millions of women. The last decade has yielded many new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying normal  \n* Renée van Amerongen [r.vanamerongen@uva.nl](r.vanamerongen@uva.nl)  \n1 Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands  \n2 Laboratory of Tumor Heterogeneity, Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland  \n3 Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK  \n4 Institut Curie, Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, U93475248 InsermParis, France  \n5 Transformation and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain  \n6 Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain  \n7 INSERM U1312, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France  \n8 Cell Biology and Biophysics Department, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany  \n9 Molit Institute of Personalized Medicine, Heilbronn, Germany  \n10 Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands  \n11 Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland  \n12 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic  \n13 Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway  \n14 Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain  \n1 3  \nmammary gland development and breast tumorigenesis, but an even greater number of questions remain to be resolved.  \nFor example, breast cancer incidence is affected by genetic factors as well as a range of non-genetic factors including steroid hormones, which are essential regulators of normal mammary gland development and ph","cbCaieQdHijj7fXh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieQdHijj7fXh","pdf",800402,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n# Five breakthroughs of the past decade","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this position paper?\",\"answer\":\"It presents discussion outcomes from the ENBDC fifth annual Think Tank meeting to summarize the current state of mammary gland biology and breast cancer research and to outline main challenges ahead.\"},{\"question\":\"Where and when was the Think Tank meeting held?\",\"answer\":\"The organizing committee held the fifth annual Think Tank meeting on 8 December 2022 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.\"},{\"question\":\"Which research areas and challenges are highlighted as priorities?\",\"answer\":\"The paper emphasizes molecular mechanisms of hormone receptor signaling, cell responses across developmental and menopausal stages, impacts of (epi)genetic heterogeneity, treatment response and resistance, dormancy/metastasis/relapse mechanisms, and lifestyle-related factors.\"}]","Imagine beyond: recent breakthroughs and next challenges in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research | PDF",1790251242,43]