[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-374700-105":59,"doc-detail-374700-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","image-guided-percutaneous-ablative-treatments-for-renal-cell-carcinoma","Image-guided percutaneous ablative treatments for renal cell carcinoma","","Percutaneous ablation has become an established treatment option for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with thermal techniques—radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA)—now incorporated into most guidelines as a viable alternative for localized RCC. For small renal masses (SRM) up to 4 cm, thermal ablation may be considered comparable to nephron-sparing surgery or other surgical methods. This invited review summarizes prevalent image-guided ablation approaches, contrasts oncological and clinical outcomes with surgery, and evaluates their position in current guidelines. Overall, existing data suggest similar outcomes for thermal ablation and partial nephrectomy, yet guideline recommendations vary markedly across regions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/image-guided-percutaneous-ablative-treatments-for-renal-cell-carcinoma/374700/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/image-guided-percutaneous-ablative-treatments-for-renal-cell-carcinoma/374700.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What thermal ablation methods are discussed for renal cell carcinoma?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review covers radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) as image-guided percutaneous thermal techniques used for RCC treatment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does thermal ablation compare with surgery for small renal masses?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Existing mostly retrospective data suggest thermal ablation and partial nephrectomy can yield comparable oncological and clinical outcomes for small tumors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why might cryoablation offer advantages compared with RFA or MWA?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Cryoablation is described as offering superior visualization during the procedure and a lower risk of thermal damage at the edges of the ablation zone, which may be beneficial for centrally located lesions.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Do international guidelines recommend thermal ablation consistently?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"No. Despite growing evidence and guideline integration, recommendations for ablative procedures vary significantly across national and international guidelines.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},374700,1790646283,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Auer et al. European Radiology (2025) 35:5324–5336  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-1)1480-w  \nINVITED REVIEW Open Access  \nImage-guided percutaneous ablative treatments for renal cell carcinoma  \nTimo A. Auer 1,2* , Yasmin Uluk 1, Rosario Francesco Grasso3, Roman Kloeckner4, Bernhard Gebauer 1, Thomas Kroencke5 and Federico Collettini 1,2  \nAbstract  \nIn recent decades, percutaneous ablation procedures have evolved into a recognized treatment option for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) . Thermal ablation techniques, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) are now incorporated in most treatment guidelines as a viable alternative, and in some cases, deemed equivalent to nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) or other surgical methods, especially for small renal masses (SRM) up to 4 cm. This review offers an overview of the most prevalent ablation techniques used to treat localized RCC. Additionally, it compares the oncological and clinical outcomes of these techniques with those of surgical options. Finally, it provides an assessment of the role that ablation treatment occupies in current guidelines. In conclusion, the use and incorporation of image-guided minimally invasive treatment options for RCC is on the rise. Existing data suggest that thermal ablation procedures (RFA, MWA, and CA) and partial nephrectomy yield comparable oncologic and clinical outcomes. Despite the data available, the recommendations for thermal ablations vary significantly across national and international guidelines.  \nKey Points  \n● Question Despite growing evidence and integration in international guidelines, recommendations for ablative procedures in localized small renal cell cancer vary considerably.  \n● Findings Existing, mostly retrospective, data suggest that thermal ablation and partial nephrectomy yield comparable clinical results for small tumors.  \n● Clinical relevance Based on the current literature, thermal ablation of renal cell cancer up to 4 cm in size can be offered to patients as an alternative to surgery.  \nKeywords Renal cell carcinoma, Radiofrequency Ablation, Microwave ablation, Cryoablation, Partial nephrectomy  \nIntroduction  \nRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, according to the Global Cancer Observatory [1]. Each year, more than 300,000 individuals are diagnosed with kidney cancer [2–4]. Recent technical advances in cross-sectional imaging modalities have led toa significant increase in the diagnosis of RCC and especially the detection of small renal masses (SRMs), which are defined as lesions less than 4 cm in size [3]. The  \n*Correspondence: Timo A. Auer  \ntimo-alexander.auer@charite.de  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \nstrategies available to manage patients with an SRM suspected to be RCC include active surveillance, ablation therapy, and surgery [3]. Most current guidelines prioritize nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), like partial nephrectomy (PN), for SRM management whenever technically feasible [3].  \nOver the past few decades though, percutaneous ablation procedures have developed into a well-established further treatment option for RCC localized to the kidney. Thermal ablation techniques are now incorporated in most guidelines as a viable alternative or even equivalent to NSS or other surgical approaches [3, 5–8]. The most commonly used ablative procedures include radiofrequency ablation  \n© The Author(s) 2025 . Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 . 0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commo","cbCailXGOZvOmVRB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailXGOZvOmVRB","pdf",1677296,13,"English","# Introduction\n# Thermal ablation techniques for RCC\n## Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)\n## Microwave ablation (MWA)\n## Cryoablation (CA)\n# Comparison with surgical options\n## Partial nephrectomy (NSS)\n# Nonthermal local ablation options\n## Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR)\n## Image-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy\n## Irreversible electroporation (IRE)\n# Guideline perspectives and conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What thermal ablation methods are discussed for renal cell carcinoma?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) as image-guided percutaneous thermal techniques used for RCC treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does thermal ablation compare with surgery for small renal masses?\",\"answer\":\"Existing mostly retrospective data suggest thermal ablation and partial nephrectomy can yield comparable oncological and clinical outcomes for small tumors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might cryoablation offer advantages compared with RFA or MWA?\",\"answer\":\"Cryoablation is described as offering superior visualization during the procedure and a lower risk of thermal damage at the edges of the ablation zone, which may be beneficial for centrally located lesions.\"},{\"question\":\"Do international guidelines recommend thermal ablation consistently?\",\"answer\":\"No. Despite growing evidence and guideline integration, recommendations for ablative procedures vary significantly across national and international guidelines.\"}]","Image-guided percutaneous ablative treatments for renal cell carcinoma | PDF",1790202208,33]