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This study evaluated whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 can serve as useful markers. Serum concentrations were measured by ELISA in 93 women with endometrial cancer and 66 with noncancerous endometrial lesions. Median levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the cancer group. Cut-off values showed discrimination with reported sensitivities and specificities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/il-4-il-7-il-9-nt-nrp1-may-be-useful-markers-in-the-diagnosis-of-endometrial-cancer/331322/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/il-4-il-7-il-9-nt-nrp1-may-be-useful-markers-in-the-diagnosis-of-endometrial-cancer/331322.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Miles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study designed to investigate?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study determined whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as helpful diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the biomarker levels measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Serum concentrations of the tested proteins were measured using ELISA.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which biomarkers showed significantly higher median serum levels in endometrial cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the endometrial cancer group compared with noncancerous lesions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331322,1790168194,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},13056703019404,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","biomolecules  \nArticle  \nIL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer  \nMateusz Kozłowski 1, *, Dominika Borzyszkowska 1, Natalia Lerch 1, Agnieszka Turo ´n-Skrzypi ´nska 2, Marta Tkacz 3, Jerzy Lubikowski 1, Maciej Tarnowski 3, Iwona Rotter 2 and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska 1  \nCitation: Kozłowski, M.;  \nBorzyszkowska, D.; Lerch, N.;  \nTuro ´n-Skrzypi ´nska, A.; Tkacz, M.; Lubikowski, J.; Tarnowski, M.; Rotter, I.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1095. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/biom14091095](10.3390/biom14091095)  \nAcademic Editors: Jordi Camps, Isabel Fort Gallifa and Xavier Gabaldó Barrios  \nReceived: 6 July 2024  \nRevised: 29 August 2024  \nAccepted: 29 August 2024  \nPublished: 1 September 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powsta ´nców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland  \n2 Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Z˙ ołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland  \n3 Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Z˙ ołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland  \n* [Correspondence: mateusz.kozlowski@pum.edu.pl](Correspondence: mateusz.kozlowski@pum.edu.pl)  \nAbstract: The search for novel endometrial cancer diagnostic biomarkers is pertinent. The purpose of this study was to determine if IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as novel, helpful markers for the detection of endometrial cancer. Ninety-three women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) and sixty-six patients with noncancerous endometrial lesions (NCEL) were included in this study. ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of the proteins tested. Median serum levels of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the EC group compared with NCEL. The cut-off level of IL-4 was set at 802.26 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 83.87% and a specificity of 50%(AUC = 0.7, p = 0.000023) . The cut-off level of IL-7 was set at 133.63 ng/L with a sensitivity of 96.77% and a specificity of 75.76%(AUC = 0.91, p \u003C 0.000001) . The cut-off level of IL-9 was set at 228.79 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 69.89% and a specificity of 81.82%(AUC = 0.8, p \u003C 0.000001) . The cut-off level of NT was set at 275.43 pmol/L with a sensitivity of 94.62% and a specificity of 59.09%(AUC = 0.83, p \u003C 0.000001) . The cut-off level of NRP1 was set at 30.37 ng/mL with a sensitivity of 81.72% and a specificity of 57.58%(AUC = 0.71, p = 0.000004) . This study suggests the clinical utility of IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Nevertheless, these biomarkers may also have prognostic or predictive value, which should be tested in future studies.  \nKeywords: endometrial cancer; diagnosis; biomarker; IL-4; IL-7; IL-9; IL-10; neurotensin; thrombospondin-2; neuropilin 1  \n1. Introduction  \nEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy and the fourth most prevalent malignancy in women [1,2] . The incidence of endometrial cancer is steadily increasing worldwide [3] . In 2020, it was observed that 417,367 women globally developed endometrial cancer, with Poland having 9869 cases, representing the highest global incidence rate [4] . The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age. Most cases occur in postmenopausal women, typically between the sixth and seventh decades of life [5,6] . Approxima","cbCaic7QHX0b5RuT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic7QHX0b5RuT","pdf",809134,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the study designed to investigate?\",\"answer\":\"The study determined whether IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, NT, TSP-2, and NRP1 could be used as helpful diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the biomarker levels measured?\",\"answer\":\"Serum concentrations of the tested proteins were measured using ELISA.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarkers showed significantly higher median serum levels in endometrial cancer?\",\"answer\":\"IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, and NRP1 were significantly higher in the endometrial cancer group compared with noncancerous lesions.\"}]","IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, NT, NRP1 May Be Useful Markers in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer | PDF",1789992657,33]