[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663207-105":59,"doc-detail-663207-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ifc-based-cost-estimation-application-to-a-structural-model","IFC-BASED COST ESTIMATION - APPLICATION TO A STRUCTURAL MODEL","","Accurate cost estimation is a critical driver of construction project success. This study uses an IFC data model to support cost estimation processes and to reduce human error, building on prior work. Using code developed in IfcOpenShell, the method links new IfcCostItems to IFC 3D model objects and produces a cost schedule for a real structural model case. The approach aims to support, verify, and enhance the quality of cost estimates in public tenders.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ifc-based-cost-estimation-application-to-a-structural-model/663207/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ifc-based-cost-estimation-application-to-a-structural-model/663207.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mimi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of the study presented in the document?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aims to use the IFC data model to support cost estimation processes and reduce human error, improving the quality of public tender cost estimates.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which tools or libraries are used to generate the cost estimation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The document describes using code developed in IfcOpenShell to create cost estimation data and to associate IfcCostItems with IFC 3D model objects.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are costs represented in the IFC approach described here?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper uses IFC entities such as IfcCostSchedule for cost planning and IfcCostItem for unit cost items, linking them to 3D geometry objects to determine quantities and associating them with price list items to establish unit cost values.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663207,1793225782,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":46},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","2024 European Conference on Computing in Construction Chania, Crete, Greece  \nJuly 15-17, 2024  \nIFC-BASED COST ESTIMATION: APPLICATION TO A STRUCTURAL MODEL  \nJacopo Cassandro, Claudio Mirarchi, Alberto Pavan  \nPolytechnic of Milan, Milan, IT  \nAbstract  \nAccurate cost estimation is an essential factor in the success of any construction project. Based on previous work, this study aims to use the IFC data model to support cost estimation processes and reduce human error. Through a code, developed in IfcOpenShell, a cost estimation has been made in IFC associating the new IfcCostItems with the IFC 3D model objects. The study was validated by applying the methodology to a real case of a structural model and defining a cost schedule for the structural project. Ultimately, this study seeks to support, verify, and improve public tenders quality of cost estimates.  \nIntroduction  \nAccurate cost estimation is a crucial factor for any construction project's success. In the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, this task demands a high degree of accuracy and attention to detail. Without proper cost estimation, projects can easily exceed the budget, leading to delays, reduced profit margins, and ultimately project failure.  \nThe construction process is characterized by its dynamic, complex, and time-consuming nature. Within the AEC industry, effective collaboration among all stakeholders is essential for sharing diverse information generated throughout the construction phase. This information includes quantities of physical building components, schedule plans, resource consumption, costs, site layout, safety management, and quality evaluation (Adeli et al., 2001) . Cost estimation is a key task involving calculating quantities, and project costs, and classifying essential products within a construction project. Cost estimation is commonly defined as the process of predicting project costs at the operational level, based on detailed design drawings/documents and specific construction methods/specifications. Construction cost estimation is typically carried out separately by construction professionals due to the lack of a well-developed integrated system for both activities (Liu et al., 2014) . Despite the existence of advanced technologies for quantitative take-off (QTO), scheduling, and costing, a significant gap remains in seamlessly integrating these activities into a cohesive system. The potential solution lies in a system founded on modeling technologies associated with scheduling and economic management,  \npromising automatic and effective integration (Lu et al., 2016) .  \nIn the AEC industry, the standard format for information exchange is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an open international standard developed by BuildingSMART.  \nTherefore, to support, verify, and improve the quality of cost estimates, in public tendering, and reduce human error-prone, this paper studies how to develop a cost estimation based on IFC.  \nIFC provides some entities to represent information in building management, including IfcCostSchedule (cost planning), IfcCostItem (unit cost estimation item), and IfcCostValue (value) .  \nA cost estimation (IfcCostSchedule) for a structural project has been created including all cost classes (IfcCostItem) needed to define a correct estimate of costs. The IfcCostItems are linked to the 3D model’s geometric objects to determine the quantity of individual works. They are also associated with unitary items in the public works price list (in this specific case of the Lombardy Region’s Price List), to establish the unit cost values. The price list items are characterized by a new architecture based on IFC that contains a set of attributes in which information can be instantiated and created. This new architecture of cost items was validated in a previous study by the same research team (Cassandro, et al., 2023) . Furthermore, the study carried out seeks to analyse, evaluate, and use the IFC ","cbCaitrfP4QCLrDs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitrfP4QCLrDs","pdf",1214057,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Literature Review\n## Cost Estimation Process in Construction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the study presented in the document?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to use the IFC data model to support cost estimation processes and reduce human error, improving the quality of public tender cost estimates.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tools or libraries are used to generate the cost estimation?\",\"answer\":\"The document describes using code developed in IfcOpenShell to create cost estimation data and to associate IfcCostItems with IFC 3D model objects.\"},{\"question\":\"How are costs represented in the IFC approach described here?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses IFC entities such as IfcCostSchedule for cost planning and IfcCostItem for unit cost items, linking them to 3D geometry objects to determine quantities and associating them with price list items to establish unit cost values.\"}]","IFC-BASED COST ESTIMATION - APPLICATION TO A STRUCTURAL MODEL | PDF"]