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The paper targets improved communication and management of lifecycle data across participants.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does IFC support information exchange in the proposed approach?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"IFC provides object specifications and a structure for data sharing among applications, enabling information to be linked between attributes and geometric definitions. The paper uses IFC files to facilitate sharing for better data qualification and validation.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What lifecycle stages does the building information system consider?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The building lifecycle is divided into four main stages: design, construction, exploitation, and maintenance. 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Usually, AEC projects and facility management are dissociated. Our building information system plays a central role in the improvement of the design and the management process. The building activity generates a great number of data and information of various kinds. The management and the communication of these data by the various participants is complex. Our design and management methods use IFC ﬁles to facilitate the sharing process for a better qualiﬁcation and validation of data.  \n© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  \n1. Introduction  \nAEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) projects associate a set of teams from various domains. During this project, teams setup many business processes independently from other teams in other domains. Georgakopoulos et al. in [12] deﬁne business process as a collection of one or more linked activities that realize a business objective. The lifecycle of a business process involves everything from the capture of processes in a computerized representation to automating process. The lifecycle of a building is articulated in two parts. The ﬁrst part is about the design in an AEC project. The second part concerns the exploitation that deals with facility management. Currently, these two parts are dissociated in the processes of building management. The teams which are concerned with the processes of facility management are rarely those that have participated in the conception and the construction of the building. In the AEC domain, a ﬁrst step towards a computerized process and information interoperability has been developed in 1999 with the development of the IFC [13]. Until this year, computer programs for building design, analysis, and maintenance could usually not exchange data directly, even when the same team used them. Buildings, therefore, took longer to be designed and built. Thus, buildings were more expensive to construct and to operate. Information sharing should be the starting point when it comes to apply information technology to architectural design, construction, and use. Information sharing requires a software environment in which computer programs can exchange data automatically  \n⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 380 396 857.  \nE-mail addresses: [r.vanlande@active3d.net](r.vanlande@active3d.net) (R. Vanlande), [cnicolle@u-bourgogne.fr](cnicolle@u-bourgogne.fr)[ ](cnicolle@u-bourgogne.fr)(C. Nicolle), [christophe.cruz@u-bourgogne.fr](christophe.cruz@u-bourgogne.fr) (C. Cruz).  \n1 Tel.: +33 380 539 595.  \n2 Tel.: +33 380 396 857.  \n0926-5805/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2008.05.001  \nregardless of software and data location. Towards this goal, the International Alliance of Interoperability proposed a standard that speciﬁes object representations for AEC projects. Industry foundation classes (IFCs) include object speciﬁcations, or classes, and provide a useful structure for data sharing among applications. For instance, an IFC door is not just a simple collection of lines and geometric primitives recognized as a door; it is an “intelligent” object door which has adoor's attr","cbCaio1inAGXSznT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio1inAGXSznT","pdf",776753,"English","# Introduction\n## BIM and lifecycle information management\n## IFC standard for AEC interoperability\n## Facility management integration","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address in AEC projects?\",\"answer\":\"AEC design/construction work and facility management are often dissociated, making information sharing difficult. The paper targets improved communication and management of lifecycle data across participants.\"},{\"question\":\"How does IFC support information exchange in the proposed approach?\",\"answer\":\"IFC provides object specifications and a structure for data sharing among applications, enabling information to be linked between attributes and geometric definitions. The paper uses IFC files to facilitate sharing for better data qualification and validation.\"},{\"question\":\"What lifecycle stages does the building information system consider?\",\"answer\":\"The building lifecycle is divided into four main stages: design, construction, exploitation, and maintenance. Each stage is managed independently and organized into layers with their own information that exchange partial data.\"}]","IFC and building lifecycle management - article | PDF",23]