[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-49935-en":3,"doc-seo-49935-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},49935,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",4,"Exam","IELTS USA Sample Academic Reading Test","IELTS USA Sample Academic Reading Test provides candidate instructions and a reading task focused on drinking water production and treatment. The test passage explains how bottled water is extracted from unconfined and confined aquifers, including artesian wells, and compares purification methods such as reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection. It also discusses distillation, mineral loss, chlorination’s role in maintaining residual antimicrobial protection, and public concerns about taste and chemical treatment, followed by diagram-labeling question prompts.","IELTS USA  \nSample Academic Reading Test  \nPractice Test  \nIELTS USA  \n825 Colorado Blvd, Ste 221 Los Angeles, CA 90041  \nAcademic Reading  \n1 Hour  \nINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES  \nDo not open this question paper until you are told to do so.  \nWrite your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Read the instructions for each part of the paper carefully.  \nAnswer all the questions.  \nWrite your answers on the answer sheet. Use a pencil.  \nYou must complete the answer sheet within the time limit.  \nAt the end of the test, hand in both this question paper and your answer sheet.  \nINFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES  \nThere are 40 questions on this question paper.  \nEach question carries one mark.  \nPage 2 [www.ielts.org/usa](www.ielts.org/usa)  \nREADING PASSAGE 1  \nYou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions  \n1–13, which are based on Reading Passage 1  \nbelow.  \nEXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF DRINKING WATER  \nSome consumers choose to purchase bottled drinking water, rather than relying on city tap water supplies. Bottled water has typically been extracted from underground sources. If water exists underground, but has no natural exit points, bottling companies may construct a water table well by drilling down to extract water from an unconfined aquifer. This is done when the Earth’s natural water level – known as a water table – is much lower than the Earth’s surface. In some cases, as with a valley or gully on a mountain, the level of the water table may be higher than the Earth’s surface, and a natural spring can emerge. Bottling companies are permitted to extract this water from a hole drilled into the underground spring, but the composition of the water must be identical to that of the naturally surfacing variety nearby.  \nArtesian water is drawn from a confined aquifer, a deep underground cavity of porous rock that holds water and bears pressure from a confining layer above it. This water can be accessed if companies drill a vertical channel down into the confined aquifer. Due to the pressurised nature of this aquifer, water will often rise up from within it and form a flowing artesian well, which appears as an explosive fountain at the earth’s surface. However, this only occurs when the surface is lower than the natural water table. If the surface is not lower than the natural water table, it is still possible to draw artesian water by using an extraction pump.  \nSome bottled water is advertised as ‘purified’, which means it has been subjected to a variety of different cleansing processes. A common filtering procedure, known as reverse osmosis, involves the water being pressed through microscopic membranes that prevent larger contaminants from passing through. The microscopic size of these holes is such that they can even obstruct germs, but they are most effective against undesirable materials such as salt, nitrates and lime scale. One disadvantage of reverse osmosis is that a lot of unusable water is generated as a by-product of the procedure; this must be thrown away.  \nFor treating pathogens, an impressive newer option is ultraviolet (UV) light. Powerful UV light has natural antibacterial qualities, so this process simply requires water to be subjected to a sufficient strength of UV light as it passes through a treatment chamber. The light neutralises many harmful germs by removing their DNA, thereby impeding their ability to replicate. A particularly impressive quality of UV light is its ability to neutralise highly resistant viral agents such as hepatitis.  \nThe overall effects of UV light treatment are variable, however, which leaves many municipal water treatment processes relying on chlorination. Its powerful and comprehensive antimicrobial effect notwithstanding, chlorination is also extremely inexpensive and remains the only antimicrobial treatment capable of ensuring water remains contaminant-free all the way through the pipes and to the taps of domestic homes. Many members of the public remain s","cbCaifoPenmshezL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifoPenmshezL","pdf",355825,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Instructions to Candidates\n# Information for Candidates\n# Reading Passage 1\n## Extraction and Purification of Drinking Water\n## Questions 1–5","[{\"question\":\"What extraction method is described for bottled water from an unconfined aquifer?\",\"answer\":\"Companies drill to access water from an unconfined aquifer when the water table is lower than the surface, or they extract when a natural spring emerges and the bottled water matches the nearby natural composition.\"},{\"question\":\"How does reverse osmosis purify drinking water?\",\"answer\":\"Water is forced through microscopic membranes that block larger contaminants such as salts, nitrates, and lime scale, though it produces unusable by-product water.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the passage say chlorination remains widely used in municipal water systems?\",\"answer\":\"Chlorination is 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