[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-267248-105":59,"doc-detail-267248-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","idiom-variants-observed-in-present-day-english-systematic-or-creative-abstract","Idiom Variants Observed In Present-Day English - Systematic Or Creative? - Abstract","","Idiom variants (IVs) like only the peak of the iceberg, opposed to only the tip of the iceberg, are central to understanding how idioms—key objects in phraseology research—function in contemporary language use. Idioms are often treated as fixed holistic meanings, yet few studies examine whether IVs follow systematic patterns or arise creatively. Using corpus pattern analysis, the study analyzes semantic features, semantic expansion, formation rules and processes, and the distinction between transformable and non-transformable idioms, showing rule-based transformation with shared or diverging semantic and syntactic properties.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/idiom-variants-observed-in-present-day-english-systematic-or-creative-abstract/267248/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/idiom-variants-observed-in-present-day-english-systematic-or-creative-abstract/267248.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are idiom variants (IVs) and why are they important?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"IVs are alternative forms of idioms (e.g., only the peak of the iceberg vs. only the tip of the iceberg) that help explain how idioms operate in current phraseology research.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study investigate whether IVs are systematic or creative?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It uses corpus pattern analysis to identify IVs and then analyzes their semantic and syntactic features, including how IVs expand semantically and how they are formed.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What determines whether an idiom can transform into an idiom variant?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study proposes rules and processes: some IVs develop semantic and syntactic features different from the original idiom, while others keep semantic and syntactic features despite lexical replacement of components.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},267248,1789416331,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Available online [at www.jlls.org](at www.jlls.org)  \nJOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES  \nISSN: 1305-578X  \nJournal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(4), 519-544; 2022  \nIdiom Variants Observed In Present-Day English: Systematic Or  \nCreative?  \nAi Inoue  \nToyo University, Tokyo, Japan,  \n0000-0002-4577-753X,  \nAPA Citation:  \nInoue, A.,(2022). Idiom Variants Observed In Present-Day English: Systematic Or Creative? , Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(4), 519-544.2022  \nSubmission Date: 10/09/2022  \nAcceptance Date: 08/11/2022  \nAbstract  \nIdiom variants (IVs) such as only the peak of the iceberg—opposed to the more standard only the tip of the iceberg—are essential to understanding how idioms, integral subjects of research in phraseology, are being used today. However, idioms are generally defined as word combinations whose holistic meanings cannot be deduced from the sum of their components and whose components cannot be replaced with other words. Studies have merely described IVs or discussed what components of IVs may be replaced with other words from a morphological perspective. Few studies have investigated the systematic or creative dispositions of IVs. I have incorporated corpus pattern analysis to fulfill the following objectives: (1) discuss the semantic features of IVs; (2) clarify how IVs expand semantically from their original idioms; (3) develop rules and processes involved in the conception of IVs; and (4) differentiate between idioms that do and do not transform IV. I found that idioms become IVs by following certain rules and processes. Notably, some IVs develop semantic and syntactic features that differ from those of an original idiom, whereas others share semantic and syntactic features with the original idiom despite the lexical replacements of the components of the original idiom. Semantically complex idioms never alter IVs. The results suggest that idioms systematically transform IVs and contribute to shaping the general understanding of phraseology.  \n© 2022 JLLS and the Authors-Published by JLLS.  \nAi Inoue / Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(4) (2022) 519-544 520  \nKeywords: phraseology; idioms; idiom variants; corpus-based; semantic; syntactic features  \n1. Introduction  \nLinguistic activities comply with certain rules or theories, but linguistic phenomena beyond grammatical rules or theories are often observed. One phenomenon is idiom variants (IVs) such as find the ropes (derived from know/learn the ropes) . Thus, what rules or theories trigger IVs?  \nResearch on idioms has introduced IVs, which are semantically and morphologically different from original idioms. However, the research has not explained what and how a component in idioms changes into IVs because the firmly fixed research method and large-scale corpora have not fully revealed the actual manners ofIVs. The reason for this situation is the wide recognition that idioms are morphologically and semantically invariable.  \nThe bottom-up approach is possibly the best solution to elaborate on how IVs are formed because research on idioms has recently introduced IVs and regarded them as an irregular linguistic phenomenon beyond grammatical and linguistic rules. In this study, first, I search large-scale corpora for possible IVs. Next, I demonstrate the syntactic and semantic features of newly observed IVs and describe the rules of how IVs are formed from a morphological perspective.  \nEnglish has a long history as a seafaring nation; thus, finding idioms used in the domain of the sea was easy. Additionally, many idioms are used in the domains of, for example, anger, card games, and gambling, which are unique in English. Thus, I focus on idioms in those three domains and attempt to account for a syntactic process of how idiom variants are formed and their morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. This study helps explain that idioms change by obeying certain rules, although idioms are widely known t","cbCaiotj6veqc86b","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiotj6veqc86b","pdf",366752,26,"English","# Introduction\n## Research motivation and bottom-up approach\n# Phraseology\n## Definitions and phraseological units","[{\"question\":\"What are idiom variants (IVs) and why are they important?\",\"answer\":\"IVs are alternative forms of idioms (e.g., only the peak of the iceberg vs. only the tip of the iceberg) that help explain how idioms operate in current phraseology research.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study investigate whether IVs are systematic or creative?\",\"answer\":\"It uses corpus pattern analysis to identify IVs and then analyzes their semantic and syntactic features, including how IVs expand semantically and how they are formed.\"},{\"question\":\"What determines whether an idiom can transform into an idiom variant?\",\"answer\":\"The study proposes rules and processes: some IVs develop semantic and syntactic features different from the original idiom, while others keep semantic and syntactic features despite lexical replacement of components.\"}]","Idiom Variants Observed In Present-Day English - Systematic Or Creative? - Abstract | PDF",66]