[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-435818-105":3,"doc-detail-435818-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","identification-of-poor-prognostic-markers-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-using-whole-exome-sequencing","Identification of Poor Prognostic Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Whole Exome Sequencing","","Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, aggressive disease with poor clinical outcomes, and biomarkers such as PD-L1 have limited utility, particularly in PD-L1-negative tumors. Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded TNBC samples assessed PD-L1 status and applied whole-exome sequencing to characterize somatic variants. Distinct mutational profiles emerged between PD-L1-negative and PD-L1-positive groups. Specific variants were linked to worse overall survival in PD-L1-negative tumors, supporting genomic refinement of TNBC prognostic stratification.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/identification-of-poor-prognostic-markers-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-using-whole-exome-sequencing/435818/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/identification-of-poor-prognostic-markers-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-using-whole-exome-sequencing/435818.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"moss~","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are additional prognostic markers needed in triple-negative breast cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"TNBC shows heterogeneous, aggressive behavior and PD-L1 usefulness is limited, especially for PD-L1-negative tumors, making further molecular stratification necessary.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were PD-L1 status and genetic alterations measured?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and classified as positive or negative. Whole-exome sequencing was then used to analyze somatic variants and survival associations.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What prognostic variants were associated with worse overall survival in PD-L1-negative tumors?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"In PD-L1-negative TNBC, mutations in ANGPTL5 and KIAA1549L were significantly associated with worse overall survival.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},435818,1790914743,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97,"preview_page_count":4},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","J Breast Cancer. 2025 Dec;28(6):406-418 [https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2025.0165](https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2025.0165)[ ](https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2025.0165)pISSN 1738-6756·eISSN 2092-9900  \nOriginal Article  \nReceived: Jul 8, 2025  \nRevised: Aug 24, 2025  \nAccepted: Oct 22, 2025  \nPublished online: Nov 19, 2025  \nCorrespondence to  \nJunho Kang  \nDepartment of Research, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, 1035 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.  \nEmail: [rkdwnsgh2002@nate.com](rkdwnsgh2002@nate.com)  \nJeeYeon Kim  \nDepartment of Pathology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea.  \nEmail: [jeykim@pusan.ac.kr](jeykim@pusan.ac.kr)  \n© The Authors 2025  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nORCID iDs  \nSeungju Lee  [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-0017](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-0017)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-0017)Hyun Yul Kim  [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-7734](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-7734)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-7734)Youn Joo Jung  [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-8556](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-8556)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-8556)[Seok-Kyung Kang](Seok-Kyung Kang)  [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9445](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9445)  \nIdentification of Poor Prognostic Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Whole Exome Sequencing  \nSeungju Lee  1,2, Hyun Yul Kim  1, Youn Joo Jung  1, Seok-Kyung Kang  1, Miri Ryu  1, Meehyun Lee  1, Sun Min Lee  3, Seung Hwan Oh  3, Jieon Lee  4, Seongdo Jeong  2, Junho Kang  5, Jee Yeon Kim  2,6  \n1Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea  \n2Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea  \n3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea  \n4Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea  \n5Department of Research, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea  \n6Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea  \nABSTRACT  \nPurpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression has emerged as both a prognostic and predictive biomarker, its utility remains limited, especially in PD-L1-negative tumors. The identification of additional molecular markers is crucial for improving prognostic stratification and guiding treatment strategies.  \nMethods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 38 patients with TNBC were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and categorized as positive or negative. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and somatic variants were analyzed using Maftools. Mutational signatures were compared with the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer reference profiles. Survival analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the identified variants.  \nResults: Mutational landscape analysis revealed that C>T and G>A transitions were the most frequent base substitutions. PD-L1-negative tumors exhibited a predominance of single-base substitution (SBS) 5, whereas PD-L1-positive tumors resembled SB","cbCaisf3mNyq7neB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisf3mNyq7neB","pdf",2410740,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why are additional prognostic markers needed in triple-negative breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"TNBC shows heterogeneous, aggressive behavior and PD-L1 usefulness is limited, especially for PD-L1-negative tumors, making further molecular stratification necessary.\"},{\"question\":\"How were PD-L1 status and genetic alterations measured?\",\"answer\":\"PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and classified as positive or negative. Whole-exome sequencing was then used to analyze somatic variants and survival associations.\"},{\"question\":\"What prognostic variants were associated with worse overall survival in PD-L1-negative tumors?\",\"answer\":\"In PD-L1-negative TNBC, mutations in ANGPTL5 and KIAA1549L were significantly associated with worse overall survival.\"}]","Identification of Poor Prognostic Markers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Whole Exome Sequencing | PDF",1790675412,33,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,125,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},40,"healthcare",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":143,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":144,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":145},19,"General","general"]