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Logistic regression evaluates risk factors, comparing 7,952 incident cases versus 433,189 controls. Cystatin C correlates with total and specific GI cancers (adjusted OR 2.43, 95% CI 2.23–2.64). Whites show higher risk than Asians, suggesting race-related effects may warrant further confirmation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nIdentification of phenomic data in the pathogenesis of cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the UK biobank  \nShirin Hui Tan1,2*, Catherina Anak Guan1, Mohamad Adam Bujang1, Wei Hong Lai1, Pei JyeVoon3 & Edmund Ui Hang Sim2  \nGastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a significant incidence and mortality rates of cancers globally. Utilization of a phenomic data approach allows researchers to reveal the mechanisms and molecular pathogenesis of these conditions. We aimed to investigate the association between the phenomic features and GI cancers in a large cohort study. We included 502,369 subjects aged 37–73 years in the UK Biobank recruited since 2006, followed until the date of the first cancer diagnosis, date of death, or the end of follow-up on December 31st, 2016, whichever occurred first. Socio-demographic factors, blood chemistry, anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors of participants collected at baseline assessment were analysed. Unvariable and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to determine the significant risk factors for the outcomes of interest, based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis included a total of 441,141 participants, of which 7952 (1.8%) were incident GI cancer cases and 433,189 were healthy controls. A marker, cystatin C was associated with total and each gastrointestinal cancer (adjusted OR 2.43; 95% CI 2.23–2.64) . In this cohort, compared to Asians, the Whites appeared to have a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. Several other factors were associated with distinct GI cancers. Cystatin C and race appear to be important features in GI cancers, suggesting some overlap in the molecular pathogenesis of GI cancers. Given the small proportion of Asians within the UK Biobank, the association between race and GI cancers requires further confirmation.  \nThe prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers are a significant public health issue worldwide, given their substantial contribution to the overall incidence and mortality rates of cancer on a global scale. GI tract cancers accounted for 26 .3% of the total 4.8 million cancer cases and 35 .3% of the 3.4 million cancer-related deaths in the year 20181; encompassing the oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon, and rectum, are commonly referred to as GI tract cancers2. In addition, Arnold et al.3 reported that the predominant GI malignancies include colorectal cancer (10.2%), stomach cancer (5.7%), liver cancer (4.7%), oesophageal cancer (3.2%), and pancreatic cancer (2.5%). GI tract cancers present with varying clinical characteristics and risk factors, intimately linked with lifestyle decisions and pre-cancerous ailments3; inclusive phenotypic information across multiple levels, encompassing clinical, molecular, and cellular aspects.  \nPhenotypic data, an integral component of phenomics, provides a comprehensive understanding of observable traits and characteristics, contributing to a holistic analysis of biological systems; whilst phenomics involves quantifying the phenome, a set of observable characteristics encompassing physical, chemical, and biological traits in individuals and populations4,5. These traits arise from intricate interplays among genetic factors, environmental conditions, dietary influences, and symbiotic microorganisms6. Phenomic studies, in contrast to traditional biomedical research, exhibit unique features such as meticulous standardization in measurements, data management and analysis; relying on extensive big data, encompassing multi-dimensional and well-organized datasets7. In the domain of cancer, comprehending the entire spectrum of phenotypic irregularities associated with malignancies, including the intricate details revealed by biomarkers, is imperative for advancing our  \n1Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Healt","cbCaih3yg3uemeCD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih3yg3uemeCD","pdf",1026444,12,"English","# Introduction\n# Phenomics and phenomic data\n# Study aims and rationale\n# Cohort design and statistical analysis","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main objective regarding GI cancers?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate associations between phenomic features and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers using a large UK Biobank cohort.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarker is highlighted as associated with GI cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Cystatin C is reported as associated with total GI cancer and each gastrointestinal cancer investigated.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the cohort analyzed to identify risk factors?\",\"answer\":\"Socio-demographic factors, blood chemistry, anthropometric, and lifestyle measures at baseline were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.\"}]","Identification of phenomic data in the pathogenesis of cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the UK biobank | PDF",1789986500]