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Despite extensive research, consensus is limited on which specific behaviors best represent teacher clarity. This note analyzes IDEA SRI data from 86,174 classes (2016–2019) to identify which Diagnostic Feedback teaching methods most strongly relate to the item “Explained course material clearly and concisely.” Bayesian Model Averaging highlights five associated methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/idea-research-note-7-teaching-methods-associated-with-teacher-clarity-october-2019/587471/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/idea-research-note-7-teaching-methods-associated-with-teacher-clarity-october-2019/587471.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"นรินทร์","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s core teacher clarity measure?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The criterion is the Diagnostic Feedback item “Explained course material clearly and concisely,” which IDEA treats as a measure of teacher clarity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the dataset selected and prepared?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Analyses used IDEA SRI data from 86,174 classes (2016–2019), restricted to classes with at least 10 responses and a response rate of at least 75%.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which teaching methods were most strongly associated with teacher clarity?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The strongest associations (coefficients > .05) include helping students answer their own questions, interpreting subject matter from diverse perspectives, making clear how each topic fits into the course, providing meaningful feedback on academic performance, and introducing stimulating ideas about the subject.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},587471,1792061952,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104957,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136","IDEA Research Note \\#7 • October 2019 Teaching Methods Associated with Teacher Clarity  \nDan Li and Stephen L. Benton • The IDEA Center  \nTeacher clarity is widely considered an essential element of effective teaching (e.g. , BrckaLorenz, Cole, Kinzie, & Ribera, 2011; Hativa, Barak, & Simhi, 2001) and student success (Titsworth & Mazer, 2010) . The same holds true in the IDEA Student Ratings of Instruction system (SRI) . On Diagnostic Feedback (DF), the item \"Explained course material clearly and concisely,\" which IDEA considers a measure of teacher clarity, has consistently been the teaching method most highly correlated with student ratings of \"Overall, I rate this instructor an excellent teacher\" (Benton & Li, 2015; Benton, Li, Brown, Guo,& Sullivan, 2015; Benton, Webster, Gross, & Pallett, 2010a; Benton, Webster, Gross, & Pallett, 2010b; Hoyt & Lee, 2002) . Moreover, teacher clarity is significantly related to how much progress students report on 11 of the 13 IDEA learning objectives (Li & Benton, 2019) .  \nNonetheless, in spite of decades of research in the fields of instructional communication and educational psychology, lack of consensus remains about which teaching behaviors most exemplify teacher clarity (Titsworth, Mazer, Goodboy, Bolkan, & Myers, 2015) . For that reason, we decided to examine which of the other 18 DF teaching methods are most strongly related to the single-item teacher clarity measure.  \nMethod  \nData Source  \nAnalyses were performed on IDEA SRI data collected in 86,174 classes from 2016 to 2019. To increase reliability, we restricted the sample to classes with a minimum of 10 responses. To reduce bias introduced by low response rates, we included only classes with a response rate of at least 75% .  \nMeasures  \nThe variables of interest were class-level mean  \nscores on the 19 teaching methods from the DF. The criterion variable was \"Explained course material clearly and concisely,\" and the explanatory variables were the remaining 18 teaching methods. For each item, students rated how frequently the instructor used each method, using the scale 1 = Hardly ever, 2 = Occasionally, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Frequently, and 5 = Almost always.  \nWe applied Bayesian Model Averaging, using the R package BMS. We used .9 as a cut-off for the posterior effect probability, and posterior mean was set at > .05 to determine which explanatory variables should be included in the model. Table 1 shows the output from the model. The following five teaching methods had coefficients > .05 :  \n• Found ways to help students answer their own questions  \n• Helped students to interpret subject matter from diverse perspectives (e.g. , different cultures, religions, genders, political views)  \n• Made it clear how each topic fit into the course  \n• Provided meaningful feedback on students'academic performance  \n• Introduced stimulating ideas about the subject Instructors who use the preceding methods frequently tend to receive higher ratings on teacher clarity. Although these relationships are not cause-effect, they provide insight into teacher behaviors that are associated with explaining subject matter in clear and concise ways. To learn more about each of these teaching methods and how they may be implemented in the college classroom, see IDEA Notes on Instruction ( [https://www.ideaedu.org/Resources](https://www.ideaedu.org/Resources)  \nEvents/Teaching-Learning-Resources/Notes-onInstruction) .  \n301 S. 4th St. Ste. 200, Manhattan, KS 66502 • • [IDEAedu.org](IDEAedu.org) • • 800.255.2757 • • [info@IDEAedu.org](info@IDEAedu.org)  \nTable 1  \nBayesian Model Averaging (BMA) Results for Teaching Methods Associated with Teacher Clarity “10. Explained course material clearly and concisely”  \n\n| IDEA Teaching Method | Posterior effect probability | Posterior\u003Cbr>mean |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1. Found ways to help students answer their own questions | 1 | 0.312 |\n| 2. Helped students to interpret subject matter from diverse perspectives (e.g. ","cbCaivz6lKpoqZN1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivz6lKpoqZN1","pdf",137348,"English","# Method\n## Data Source\n## Measures\n# Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) Results\n## Teaching methods associated with teacher clarity","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s core teacher clarity measure?\",\"answer\":\"The criterion is the Diagnostic Feedback item “Explained course material clearly and concisely,” which IDEA treats as a measure of teacher clarity.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the dataset selected and prepared?\",\"answer\":\"Analyses used IDEA SRI data from 86,174 classes (2016–2019), restricted to classes with at least 10 responses and a response rate of at least 75%.\"},{\"question\":\"Which teaching methods were most strongly associated with teacher clarity?\",\"answer\":\"The strongest associations (coefficients \\u003e .05) include helping students answer their own questions, interpreting subject matter from diverse perspectives, making clear how each topic fits into the course, providing meaningful feedback on academic performance, and introducing stimulating ideas about the subject.\"}]","IDEA Research Note #7 - Teaching Methods Associated with Teacher Clarity - October 2019 | PDF"]