[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-378691-105":59,"doc-detail-378691-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","hypoxia-in-skin-cancer-molecular-basis-and-clinical-implications","Hypoxia in Skin Cancer - Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications","","Skin cancer represents a highly prevalent malignancy, with oxygen scarcity within the epidermal compartment contributing to tumor biology. This review explains how intratumoral hypoxia drives progression and supports survival through pathways such as angiogenesis and glycolysis, with a central focus on hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. The article links hypoxia signaling to key genetic alterations across major skin cancer types and summarizes how hypoxic mechanisms inform treatment strategies and reconstruction of defects after surgical tumor resection.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hypoxia-in-skin-cancer-molecular-basis-and-clinical-implications/378691/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hypoxia-in-skin-cancer-molecular-basis-and-clinical-implications/378691.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is hypoxia relevant to skin cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Epidermal regions where skin cancers arise experience limited oxygen, and intratumoral hypoxia promotes malignant progression by activating survival-associated processes such as angiogenesis and glycolysis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which signaling pathway is highlighted as central to the hypoxic response in skin cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review emphasizes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway as a central regulator of the hypoxic response in skin cancer cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the document relate hypoxia to treatment and post-surgical reconstruction?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It summarizes the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers and reviews hypoxia-related mechanisms that affect reconstruction of skin defects after surgical tumor resection.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},378691,1790671502,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Review  \nHypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications  \nSungmi Jeon 1,†, Miyeon Jeon 2,†, Sanga Choi 2, Seongkyeong Yoo 2, Soohyun Park 2, Mingyu Lee 3 and Iljin Kim 2, *  \nCitation: Jeon, S.; Jeon, M.; Choi, S.; Yoo, S.; Park, S.; Lee, M.; Kim, I. Hypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4430. [https://](https://)  \n[doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054430](doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054430)[ ](doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054430)Academic Editors: Monica Benvenuto and Chiara Focaccetti  \nReceived: 31 January 2023  \nRevised: 16 February 2023  \nAccepted: 21 February 2023  \nPublished: 23 February 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea  \n2 Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea  \n3 Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA  \n* Correspondence: [ijk@inha.ac.kr](ijk@inha.ac.kr); Tel.: +82-32-860-8195 † These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Caucasian population. In the United States, it is estimated that at least one in five people will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, leading to significant morbidity and a healthcare burden. Skin cancer mainly arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, where oxygen is scarce. There are three main types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical role for hypoxia in the development and progression of these dermatologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers. We will summarize the molecular basis of hypoxia signaling pathways in relation to the major genetic variations of skin cancer.  \nKeywords: skin cancer; hypoxia; hypoxia-inducible factor; cancer reconstruction  \n1. Introduction  \nIntratumoral hypoxia is a common feature of solid malignancies, including skin cancer. Cellular responses to low oxygen tension promote cancer progression by inducing biological processes involved in cancer cell survival, such as angiogenesis and glycolysis. Skin cancer most often arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, which are relatively deprived of oxygen [1] . In this review, we describe the roles of hypoxia and hypoxia signaling molecules in skin cancer cells. The well-established hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway plays a central role in the hypoxic response of skin cancer cells. In addition, the major genetic alterations of skin cancer and their association with hypoxia signaling are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the effects of hypoxia on the reconstruction of skin defects after surgical tumor resection.  \n2. Hypoxia and the Skin  \nHuman skin consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin that protects the body from foreign substances. The dermis is located below the epidermis and is primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue supporting the skin's overall structure. It is the thickest layer of skin and contains various dermal appendages, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer) is the lowermost layer of skin, which primarily consists of loose connective tis","cbCaikO9cAtFAKqR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikO9cAtFAKqR","pdf",8637613,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Hypoxia in solid malignancies and skin cancer\n## Hypoxia signaling and HIF pathway\n# Hypoxia and the Skin\n## Skin layer oxygenation: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis\n## Oxygen measurements and hypoxia markers (EF5)\n## Tissue oxygen ranges across skin compartments\n# Hypoxia and Skin Cancer Biology\n## Origins of skin cancer from epidermal cell types\n## Progression from epidermis to dermis and subcutaneous layers","[{\"question\":\"Why is hypoxia relevant to skin cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"Epidermal regions where skin cancers arise experience limited oxygen, and intratumoral hypoxia promotes malignant progression by activating survival-associated processes such as angiogenesis and glycolysis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which signaling pathway is highlighted as central to the hypoxic response in skin cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway as a central regulator of the hypoxic response in skin cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document relate hypoxia to treatment and post-surgical reconstruction?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers and reviews hypoxia-related mechanisms that affect reconstruction of skin defects after surgical tumor resection.\"}]","Hypoxia in Skin Cancer - Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications | PDF",1790231987,43]