[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-372547-105":59,"doc-detail-372547-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","hyponatremia-predicts-immunotherapy-resistance-in-biliary-tract-cancer","Hyponatremia predicts immunotherapy resistance in biliary tract cancer","","Hyponatremia, a common electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients, is often overlooked for its implications for immunotherapy outcomes. This retrospective study evaluated pre-treatment hyponatremia in 112 biliary tract cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors from August 2016 to December 2024. Patients were classified by hyponatremia diagnosis before the first ICI. Hyponatremia correlated with worse progression-free and overall survival, and serum sodium emerged as an independent prognostic marker. Subgroup analyses showed no ICI benefit for PFS or OS in hyponatremia patients, supporting hyponatremia as an unfavorable biomarker.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hyponatremia-predicts-immunotherapy-resistance-in-biliary-tract-cancer/372547/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hyponatremia-predicts-immunotherapy-resistance-in-biliary-tract-cancer/372547.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Terk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the study’s main objective regarding hyponatremia and immunotherapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess whether pre-treatment hyponatremia predicts prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in biliary tract cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were patients grouped for analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Patients were retrospectively included and divided into two groups based on hyponatremia diagnosis before the first ICI treatment.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did serum sodium show in relation to patient outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Serum sodium was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for both progression-free survival and overall survival in the 112-patient cohort.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},372547,1790812554,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099525198933,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS 2025, VOL. 21, NO. 1, 2535168 [https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2535168](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2535168)  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE     \nHyponatremia predicts immunotherapy resistance in biliary tract cancer  \nTiance Wanga*, Zijian Lva*, Runjia Fana*, Weidong Hana,b, and Qian Mei a,b  \naDepartment of Bio-Therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; bChangping Laboratory, Beijing, China  \nABSTRACT  \nHyponatremia, a common electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients, has frequently been disregarded in terms of its prognostic implications for immunotherapy. This study examined the prognostic implications of pre-treatment hyponatremia inpatients with biliary tract cancers (BTC) undergoing immunotherapy. We retrospectively included 112 BTC patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment from August 2016 to December 2024, with an average follow-up period of 11.25 months. In accordance with the diagnosis of hyponatremia before the first ICIs treatment, patients were divided into two distinct groups. There were no significant differences in age (OR = 0.6, 95% CI, 0.2–1.8) or gender distribution (OR = 0.8, 95% CI, 0.3–2.4) . Kaplan-Meier curves and the Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test were utilized to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among groups. Cox and logistic regressions were employed to analyze the relationship between serum sodium levels and prognosis in 112 BTC patients, considering baseline characteristics. Patients with hyponatremia demonstrated reduced PFS (6 vs. 9 months, p \u003C .001) and OS (7.5 vs. 11.3 months, p \u003C .001*) . Serum sodium was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for both PFS (HR = 4.5, 95% CI, 1.5–14.0) and OS (HR = 3.1, 95% CI, 1.2–8.3) . Subgroup analysis indicated that BTC patients with hyponatremia experienced no advantage from immunotherapy regarding PFS and OS. Hyponatremia indicates unfavorable prognostic outcomes in BTC patients undergoing ICI treatment and may function as a significant prognostic biomarker.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 30 March 2025 Revised 28 June 2025 Accepted 14 July 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nHyponatremia; biliary tract cancers; immunotherapy; biomarker; retrospective  \nCONTACT Qian Mei  [meiqnn@hotmail.com](meiqnn@hotmail.com).; Weidong Han  hanwdrsw@163 .com  Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.  \n Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at [https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2535168](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2025.2535168) .  \n© 2025 The Author(s) . Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4) . 0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.  \n2  T. WANG ET AL.  \nIntroduction  \nGallbladder carcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are the three anatomical subtypes that make up biliary tract cancer (BTC), a diverse group of malignancies that originate in the bile duct system. 1–3 It is estimated that BTC is the sixth most common disease burden globally in terms of digestive system cancers.4 According to the data from the GBD Study 2021, BTC shows the highest incidence in East Asian countries including China, India and Japan.5,6 Right now, the only curative course of action is radical surgical resection. But since earlystage disease is clinically silent, most patients s","cbCaityABnmMTIwS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaityABnmMTIwS","pdf",3036526,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Study cohort and grouping\n## Survival analyses and predictors\n## Subgroup findings\n# Introduction\n## Background of biliary tract cancer\n## Rationale for immunotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway\n## Challenges in identifying predictive biomarkers","[{\"question\":\"What was the study’s main objective regarding hyponatremia and immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"To assess whether pre-treatment hyponatremia predicts prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in biliary tract cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.\"},{\"question\":\"How were patients grouped for analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Patients were retrospectively included and divided into two groups based on hyponatremia diagnosis before the first ICI treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"What did serum sodium show in relation to patient outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Serum sodium was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for both progression-free survival and overall survival in the 112-patient cohort.\"}]","Hyponatremia predicts immunotherapy resistance in biliary tract cancer | PDF",1790194790,33]