[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-26675-105":59,"doc-detail-26675-en":114},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":106,"head_meta":109,"extra_data":111,"updated_unix":113},105,"en","hypokalemia","Hypokalemia","","Hypokalemia is a medical condition characterized by low serum potassium levels, typically below 3.5 mEq/L. It can manifest with a range of symptoms affecting the muscles, including myalgia, muscle cramps, and proximal muscle weakness, leading to fatigue. In severe cases, it can cause arrhythmias, ascending paralysis, and eventually respiratory impairment. Chronic hypokalemia can lead to hypokalaemic nephropathy, reducing tubular response to ADH and potentially causing acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, resulting in polyuria and polydipsia. It can also lead to glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus.  Causes of hypokalemia are broadly categorized into redistribution of potassium, decreased intake, and increased loss. Redistribution can occur due to insulin therapy, while increased loss can be through gastrointestinal routes (vomiting, diarrhea) or renal routes. Renal loss, defined as >20 mmol/day, can be exacerbated by diuretic therapy (loop and thiazide), Bartter’s syndrome, Gitelman’s syndrome, and renal tubular acidosis. In cases of hypertension, causes include primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome), Cushing’s syndrome, licorice/carbenoxolone, Liddle’s syndrome, renovascular hypertension, and beta-2 agonists, all of which influence aldosterone or cortisol levels, leading to potassium excretion. Diagnosis involves measuring serum potassium, urine potassium, and ECG, which may show a U wave, flat or inverted T wave, depressed ST segment, prolonged QT, prolonged PR, wide QRS, and arrhythmias. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, administering potassium chloride (KCl), using potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone, amiloride, and triameterene to prevent renal loss, and restoring magnesium levels, as magnesium deficiency can exacerbate potassium wasting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":105},[70,84],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hypokalemia/26675/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hypokalemia/26675.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-18","2026-05-08",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction","https://schema.org",{"og:url":107,"og:type":108,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hypokalemia/26675","article",{"robots":110,"canonical":107},"index,follow",{"doc_id":112,"site_id":62},26675,1778199400,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":115},{"doc_id":112,"user_id":116,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":117,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":66,"file_id":118,"file_url":119,"file_type":120,"file_size":121,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":122,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":66,"faqs":66,"seo_title":123,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":113,"read_time":81},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","cbCaipkwxO0n9bAC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipkwxO0n9bAC","pdf",474375,"English","Hypokalemia | PDF"]