[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-375792-105":59,"doc-detail-375792-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","hypericin-mediated-photodynamic-therapy-for-head-and-neck-cancers-a-systematic-review","Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review","","Conventional treatments for head and neck cancers often yield high recurrence and impaired quality of life, motivating less invasive strategies. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HY-PDT) has been proposed as a selective approach using the photosensitizer hypericin to target tumour cells while sparing healthy tissue. This systematic review evaluates HY-PDT efficacy and mechanisms under PRISMA 2020, synthesizing preclinical in vitro/in vivo studies and clinical trials through December 2024.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hypericin-mediated-photodynamic-therapy-for-head-and-neck-cancers-a-systematic-review/375792/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hypericin-mediated-photodynamic-therapy-for-head-and-neck-cancers-a-systematic-review/375792.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mia  ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy aim to address in head and neck cancers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It targets the limitations of conventional treatments, including high recurrence and quality-of-life impairment, by offering a more selective and minimally toxic therapeutic option.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What methods were used to evaluate HY-PDT in this systematic review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review followed PRISMA 2020 and searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024, including preclinical and clinical HY-PDT research.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does HY-PDT exert antitumor effects according to the included findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"HY-PDT shows cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma via apoptotic and necrotic pathways, largely mediated by ROS generation, and it may modulate the tumour microenvironment through changes in cytokine profiles and immune-related mechanisms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},375792,1790276665,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},687207024478,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Systematic Review  \nHypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review  \nJakub Fiegler-Rudol 1, *, Natalia Zi˛eba 2, Radosław Turski 3, Maciej Misiołek 2 and Rafał Wiench 1  \nAcademic Editor: VivianaDi Giacomo  \nReceived: 22 December 2024  \nRevised: 5 January 2025  \nAccepted: 10 January 2025  \nPublished: 13 January 2025  \nCitation: Fiegler-Rudol, J.; Zi˛eba, N.; Turski, R.; Misiołek, M.; Wiench, R. Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 181. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/biomedicines13010181](10.3390/biomedicines13010181)  \n[Copyright:](Copyright:) © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; [rwiench@sum.edu.pl](rwiench@sum.edu.pl)  \n2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; [maciej.misiolek@sum.edu.pl](maciej.misiolek@sum.edu.pl) (M.M.)  \n3 Individual Dental Practice, Ul. Z˙ arecka 128, 42-208 Cz˛estochowa, Poland; [turski.stomatologia@interia.pl](turski.stomatologia@interia.pl)  \n* [Correspondence: s88998@365.sum.edu.pl or jakub.fieglerrudol@gmail.com](Correspondence: s88998@365.sum.edu.pl or jakub.fieglerrudol@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Background: Conventional treatments for cancers of the head and neck region are often associated with high recurrence rates and impaired quality of life. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, leveraging photosensitizers such ashypericin to selectively target tumour cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of hypericin-mediated PDT (HY-PDT) in treating head and neck cancers. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024 . Inclusion criteria encompassed preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials focusing on HY-PDT for head and neck malignancies and its subtypes. Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising both in vitro and in vivo investigations. HY-PDT consistently demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma cells through apoptotic and necrotic pathways, primarily mediated by ROS generation. Hypericin exhibited selective uptake in cancer cells over normal keratinocytes. Additionally, HY-PDT modulated the tumour microenvironment by altering cytokine profiles, such as by increasing IL-20 and sIL-6R levels, which may enhance antitumor immunity and reduce metastasis. Conclusions: HY-PDT emerges as a highly promising and minimally toxic treatment modality for head and neck cancers, demonstrating efficacy in inducing selective tumour cell death and modulating the immune microenvironment. Despite the encouraging preclinical evidence, significant methodological variability and limited clinical data necessitate further large-scale, standardized and randomized controlled trials.  \nKeywords: hypericin; photodynamic therapy; head and neck cancer; apoptosis; immunomodulation; cytokines  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. Rationale  \nHead and neck cancers represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies in anatomically complex and functionally critical regions, such as the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx [1] . These cancers pose significant clinical and therapeutic challenges, often leading to impaired speech, swallowing ","cbCaigMv5kns7T20","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigMv5kns7T20","pdf",749364,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Rationale\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What problem does hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy aim to address in head and neck cancers?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the limitations of conventional treatments, including high recurrence and quality-of-life impairment, by offering a more selective and minimally toxic therapeutic option.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods were used to evaluate HY-PDT in this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"The review followed PRISMA 2020 and searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024, including preclinical and clinical HY-PDT research.\"},{\"question\":\"How does HY-PDT exert antitumor effects according to the included findings?\",\"answer\":\"HY-PDT shows cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma via apoptotic and necrotic pathways, largely mediated by ROS generation, and it may modulate the tumour microenvironment through changes in cytokine profiles and immune-related mechanisms.\"}]","Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review | PDF",1790216150]