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Following the introduction of the first prophylactic HPV vaccine, HPV infections and associated cancers have declined. This review synthesizes literature from 2014–2024, assessing the research progress, efficacy, and safety of HPV vaccines, and discusses remaining challenges such as low global vaccination uptake, especially in low- and middle-income settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/human-papillomavirus-related-cancer-vaccine-strategies-review-2024/332802/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/human-papillomavirus-related-cancer-vaccine-strategies-review-2024/332802.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role does persistent HPV infection play in HPV-related cancers?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Persistent HPV infection is described as a major pathogenic factor for HPV-related cancers such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the scope and method used to gather evidence in the review?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review searches databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang for HPV-vaccine research from 2014 to 2024, using targeted keywords, and also reviews official sources such as WHO websites. More than 100 representative articles are selected for summarization and analysis.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What challenges limit global HPV vaccine coverage?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The document highlights low global vaccination rates for preventive vaccines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and notes obstacles such as vaccine hesitancy and vaccine availability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},332802,1790125917,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","Review  \nHuman Papillomavirus-Related Cancer Vaccine Strategies Xia Cai  and Ling Xu *  \nCitation: Cai, X.; Xu, L. Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancer Vaccine Strategies. Vaccines 2024, 12, 1291. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)vaccines12111291  \nAcademic Editor: Walter J. Storkus  \nReceived: 11 October 2024  \nRevised: 10 November 2024  \nAccepted: 13 November 2024  \nPublished: 19 November 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Gynaecology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; [caicaimoxia1379@163.com](caicaimoxia1379@163.com)  \n* Correspondence: [xu_ling@fudan.edu.cn](xu_ling@fudan.edu.cn)  \nAbstract: Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is a major pathogenic factor for HPV-related cancers, such as cervical cancer (CC), vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancer (HNC) . Since the introduction of the world’s first prophylactic HPV vaccine, there has been a decline in the incidence of HPV infections and associated cancers. This article reviews the latest literature on the research progress, efficacy, and safety of HPV vaccines for these cancers, providing a reference for HPV vaccination strategy. Methods: By utilizing databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang, we conducted a literature search on research papers related to HPV vaccines from 2014 to 2024, employing keywords such as “HPV”,“HPV vaccine”,“CC”,”vaginal cancer”,“vulvar cancer”,“anal cancer”,“penile cancer” and “HNC”. Additionally, we reviewed the latest information available on official websites, including the World Health Organization (WHO) . Based on the quality and relevance of the papers, we selected over 100 of the most representative articles for further summarization and analysis. Results: Vaccination against HPV can effectively block the transmission of the virus and prevent HPV-related cancers. Current studies have confirmed the efficacy and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccination. However, numerous challenges remain. The global vaccination rate for preventive vaccines remains low, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Nonetheless, in the future, we can enhance the accessibility, affordability, and coverage of HPV vaccines by expanding the indications of already licensed vaccines, continuously developing new vaccines. Conclusions: The HPV vaccine is an extremely effective measure for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related cancers. Although there are many challenges in expanding the coverage of the HPV vaccine. It is believed that in the not-toodistant future, both prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines will achieve commendable results.  \nKeywords: HPV; vaccine; genital system; head and neck cancer  \n1. Introduction  \nIn 1976, Harald Zur Hausen proposed that cervical cancer (CC) is related to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) . Over the following decades, extensive research was conducted on genital HPV, leading to the identification of carcinogenic HPV types [1] . HPV infection can lead to various diseases, including genital warts, respiratory papillomatosis, CC, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancer (HNC) [2–4] . By the end of 2023, 143 member states had included HPV vaccine and related services in their national immunization programs, including 13 countries that had newly introduced the vaccine [5] . However, globally, only 15% of young girls have been vaccinated against HPV [6] .  \nAdditionally, HPV vaccination programs differ across various countries and regions. Addressing obstacles to vaccination, ","cbCaiga0WCFq49bO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiga0WCFq49bO","pdf",367271,22,"English","# Introduction\n# Characteristics of HPV\n## Structural Composition\n## Viral Genome and Proteins\n# HPV Vaccines and Their Mechanisms\n# Efficacy and Safety Evidence\n# Challenges and Future Directions","[{\"question\":\"What role does persistent HPV infection play in HPV-related cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Persistent HPV infection is described as a major pathogenic factor for HPV-related cancers such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the scope and method used to gather evidence in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review searches databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang for HPV-vaccine research from 2014 to 2024, using targeted keywords, and also reviews official sources such as WHO websites. More than 100 representative articles are selected for summarization and analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges limit global HPV vaccine coverage?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights low global vaccination rates for preventive vaccines, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and notes obstacles such as vaccine hesitancy and vaccine availability.\"}]","Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancer Vaccine Strategies - Review - 2024 | PDF",1789999550,55]