[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-330510-105":59,"doc-detail-330510-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","human-papillomavirus-induced-chromosomal-instability-and-aneuploidy-in-squamous-cell-cancers","Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers","","Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are defining cancer hallmarks, where CIN reflects a continuous frequency of chromosome missegregation across repeated divisions and drives abnormal chromosome content that deviates from haploid multiples. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established cause of squamous cancers, with E6 and E7 oncogenes central to carcinogenesis while additional events like CIN and aneuploidy can be required for tumor development. HPV+ squamous cancers show distinct CIN types and aneuploid patterns compared with HPV− disease, with potential implications for prognosis, treatment response, and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities. This review summarizes HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy patterns and links them to patient outcomes and therapies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/human-papillomavirus-induced-chromosomal-instability-and-aneuploidy-in-squamous-cell-cancers/330510/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/human-papillomavirus-induced-chromosomal-instability-and-aneuploidy-in-squamous-cell-cancers/330510.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy in cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"CIN is characterized by a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events across multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content that differs from a multiple of the haploid set.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does HPV contribute to squamous cancers?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"HPV is a well-known cause of squamous cancers in the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have established roles in carcinogenesis, and additional genomic events such as CIN and aneuploidy often support tumor formation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What differences in CIN and aneuploidy are described between HPV+ and HPV− squamous cancers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"HPV+ squamous cancers show an increased frequency of specific CIN types, including polar chromosomes. CIN then leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) that are specific to HPV+ cancers and distinct from HPV− cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},330510,1790197149,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","viruses   \nReview  \nHuman Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers  \nSamyukta Mallick 1,2, Yeseo Choi 3,4, Alison M. Taylor 1,* and Pippa F. Cosper 3,5, *  \nCitation: Mallick, S.; Choi, Y.; Taylor, A.M.; Cosper, P.F. Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers. Viruses 2024, 16, 501 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040501](https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040501)  \nAcademic Editor: Wei Wang  \nReceived: 4 February 2024  \nRevised: 18 March 2024  \nAccepted: 21 March 2024  \nPublished: 25 March 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA  \n2 Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA  \n3 Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA  \n4 Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA  \n5 Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA  \n* Correspondence: [at3488@cumc.columbia.edu](at3488@cumc.columbia.edu) (A.M.T.); [cosper@humonc.wisc.edu](cosper@humonc.wisc.edu) (P.F.C.)  \nAbstract: Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content differing from a multiple of the haploid. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of squamous cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have well-known roles in carcinogenesis, but additional genomic events, such as CIN and aneuploidy, are often required for tumor formation. HPV+ squamous cancers have an increased frequency of specific types of CIN, including polar chromosomes. CIN leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) specific to HPV+ cancers, which are distinct from HPV − cancers. HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy may have implications for prognosis and therapeutic response and may provide insight into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we review HPV-specific types of CIN and patterns of aneuploidy in squamous cancers, as well as how this impacts patient prognosis and treatment.  \nKeywords: human papillomavirus; chromosomal instability; aneuploidy; chromosome; squamous cell carcinoma  \n1. Introduction  \nSquamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are a group of highly aggressive malignancies that develop in the squamous epithelial cells that line the aerodigestive and genitourinary tracts [1] . Although there is a diverse range of risk factors for the development of SCCs, they can be categorized into two groups: carcinogenic agents, such as UV exposure, alcohol, tobacco, and airborne pollutants, and viral agents, specifically human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. HPV causes 5% of cancers worldwide, including cancers of the cervix, anus, oropharynx, vagina, vulva, and penis [2] .  \nHPVs are small, non-enveloped viruses encapsulating a small, circular double-stranded DNA genome [3] . Of the five genera of HPV, the genus alpha papillomavirus primarily infects mucosal epithelia and the genera beta and gamma papillomaviruses infect cutaneous epithelia [4] . Alpha HPVs can further be categorized into high-risk and low-risk types based on the specific biological consequences of their infection. Low-risk HPV types, including HPV6 and HPV11, induce the formation of benign warts, while high-risk HPV types","cbCaiqMRBJ4Sf1h4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqMRBJ4Sf1h4","pdf",2863038,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Squamous cell carcinoma risk factors\n## HPV virology and cancer association\n## HPV life cycle and oncogene-driven transformation\n# Human papillomavirus and CIN/aneuploidy in squamous cancers","[{\"question\":\"What are chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"CIN is characterized by a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events across multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content that differs from a multiple of the haploid set.\"},{\"question\":\"How does HPV contribute to squamous cancers?\",\"answer\":\"HPV is a well-known cause of squamous cancers in the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have established roles in carcinogenesis, and additional genomic events such as CIN and aneuploidy often support tumor formation.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences in CIN and aneuploidy are described between HPV+ and HPV− squamous cancers?\",\"answer\":\"HPV+ squamous cancers show an increased frequency of specific CIN types, including polar chromosomes. CIN then leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) that are specific to HPV+ cancers and distinct from HPV− cancers.\"}]","Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers | PDF",1789989237]