[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122133-en":3,"doc-seo-122133-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122133,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",7,"Healthcare","Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer","Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning (HITL-ML) introduces expert input into the learning loop to enhance machine learning model development. The work presents a HITL-ML strategy for pancreatic cancer care where a classifier determines whether a chemotherapy regimen suits a specific patient. The study first shows that integrating human experts improves model learning capacity, then proposes an interactive machine learning method using unstructured expert feedback to optimize a GAN-based synthetic data generator, which augments training data and improves generalization. It also addresses emerging HITL challenges, notably human-computer interaction.","This is an ACCEPTED VERSION of the following published document:  \nE. Mosqueira-Rey et al., «Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer», en 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Gold Coast, Australia: IEEE, jun. 2023, pp. 1-9. doi:  \n10.1109/IJCNN54540.2023.10191456 .  \nLink to published version: [https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN54540.2023.10191456](https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN54540.2023.10191456)  \n[General rights:](General rights:)  \n© 2023 IEEE. This version of the paper has been accepted for publication. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The final published paper is available online at: [https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN54540.2023.10191456](https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN54540.2023.10191456)  \nHuman-in-the-Loop Machine Learning for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer  \nEduardo Mosqueira-Rey  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [eduardo@udc.es](eduardo@udc.es)  \nAlberto Prez-Snchez  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [alberto.perez.sanchez@udc.es](alberto.perez.sanchez@udc.es)  \nDavid Alonso-R´ıos  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [dalonso@udc.es](dalonso@udc.es)  \nJos Bobes-Bascarn  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain jose.bobes@udc.es  \nElena Hernndez-Pereira  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [elena.hernandez@udc.es](elena.hernandez@udc.es)  \n´Angel Fernndez-Leal  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [angel.fleal@udc.es](angel.fleal@udc.es)  \nVicente Moret-Bonillo  \nUniversidade da Coru n˜a (CITIC) A Coru˜na, Spain [vicente.moret@udc.es](vicente.moret@udc.es)  \nYolanda Vidal-´Insua  \nComplejo Hospitalario (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain [yvidalinsua@gmail.com](yvidalinsua@gmail.com)  \nFrancisca Vzquez-Rivera  \nComplejo Hospitalario (CHUS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain [francisca.vazquez.rivera@sergas.es](francisca.vazquez.rivera@sergas.es)  \nAbstract—Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning (HITL-ML) is a set of techniques that attempt to actively introduce experts into the learning loop of machine learning (ML) models to improve the learning process. In this paper we present a HITLML strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in which a classifier should decide whether a chemotherapy treatment is suitable or not for the patient. The contribution of this work is, first, to demonstrate that involving human experts in the learning process improves the learning capacity of the model; second, to develop a relatively novel Interactive Machine Learning (IML) approach in which unstructured feedback obtained from the experts is used to optimize the synthetic cases generator implemented by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). This GAN is used to augment the dataset and to improve the generalization capabilities of the model. Finally, the inclusion of humans in the learning process also poses new challenges, e.g., aspects related to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), normally irrelevant in ML systems, are now of great importance and can condition the success of a HITL approach. This paper also discusses the approach taken to address these challenges.  \nIndex Terms—Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning, Active Learning, Interactive Machine Learning, Pancreatic Cancer, Generative Adversarial Network  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nThe interaction between humans and machines is not only limited to humans preparing data that machine learning models rely on. There exist different types of interactions between  \nThis work has been supported by the State Research Agency of the Spanish Government, grant (PID2019-107194GB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033) and by the Xunta de","cbCainh39FnZMmPO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainh39FnZMmPO","pdf",730542,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Human-machine interaction and HITL-ML paradigms\n## Patient-treatment decision using a HITL-ML classifier","[{\"question\":\"What is the core goal of Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning in this paper?\",\"answer\":\"To actively involve human experts in the learning loop so the machine learning process improves, rather than relying only on traditional data preparation and training.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed system relate to pancreatic cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"A classifier decides whether a chemotherapy treatment is suitable for a given patient, using a HITL-ML strategy tailored to pancreatic cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the GAN play in the approach?\",\"answer\":\"A generative adversarial network generates synthetic cases; expert feedback is used to optimize this generator, augment the dataset, and improve the model’s generalization.\"}]","Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer | PDF",1785808971,25,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"human-in-the-loop-machine-learning-for-the-treatment-of-pancreatic-cancer","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/human-in-the-loop-machine-learning-for-the-treatment-of-pancreatic-cancer/122133/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is the core goal of Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning in this paper?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"To actively involve human experts in the learning loop so the machine learning process improves, rather than relying only on traditional data preparation and training.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the proposed system relate to pancreatic cancer treatment?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"A classifier decides whether a chemotherapy treatment is suitable for a given patient, using a HITL-ML strategy tailored to pancreatic cancer.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What role does the GAN play in the approach?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"A generative adversarial network generates synthetic cases; expert feedback is used to optimize this generator, augment the dataset, and improve the model’s generalization.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,118,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]