[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109262-en":3,"doc-seo-109262-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},109262,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Human Capital Public Expenditure and Institutional Review - An analysis of financing and governace constraints for the delievry of basic education and primary health care in Nigeria - 2024","Human Capital Public Expenditure and Institutional Review examines how financing and governance constraints affect delivery of basic education and primary health care in Nigeria. The review focuses on human-capital performance, including under-5 mortality and out-of-school children, and evaluates the state of health and education services covering access, quality, and equity. It analyzes public spending levels, adequacy, efficiency, equity, and predictability, timeliness, transparency, and accountability, then studies intergovernmental transfers and related fund flows and accountability mechanisms. Recommendations synthesize policy actions across sectors.","Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nHuman Capital Public Expenditure and Institutional Review  \nAn analysis of financing and governace constraints for the delievry of basic education and primary health care in Nigeria  \nTekabe Belay • Martin Elias De Simone • Dilip Parajuli • Olumide Olaolu Okunola • Mahesh Dahal Ayodeji Gafar • Elina Pradhan • Dmitry Chugunov • Deborah Isser • Ikechukwu John Nweje  \n2024  \nPub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Public  \nHuman Capital Public Expenditure and Institutional Review  \n© 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank  \n1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000  \n[Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.  \nThe World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAny queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nCover photo: © 2010 Arne Hoel/World Bank  \nContents  \nix List of Acronyms  \nxi Acknowledgments  \n1  CHAPTER 1.   \nIntroduction: Human Capital, Its Importance  \nand Constraints to Improvement 3  Why a focus on under-5 mortality rates and out-of-school children?  \n CHAPTER 2.   \n5  \nThe State of Human Capital in Nigeria: Primary  \nHealth Care and Basic Education 6  The state of basic health care services  \n8 Access to health care  \n9 Quality of care  \n11 Equity in access to health care  \n12 The Solutions are not simply technical  \n13  The state of basic education services  \n14 Equity  \n14 Shortage of classrooms and teachers  \n16 Out-of-school children: Magnitude and trends  \n17 What are the main drivers of school attendance?  \n CHAPTER 3.   \n21  \nPublic Spending in Primary Health and Basic  \nEducation: Inadequate and of Poor Quality  \n22 Institutions  \n23 Financing  \n24 Adequacy of spending: Overall public spending in health and education  \n33 Efficiency of spending  \n39 Equity of spending  \n43 Predictability, timeliness, transparency, and accountability  \n44 Summary: Key messages  \n45 Annex 3A. Overview of key MDAs/institutions  \nContents  \niii  \nHuman Capital Public Expenditure and Institutional Review  \n46   CHAPTER 4.   \nUnderstanding Intergovernmental Transfers for Human Capital: The Basic Health Care Provision Fund and the Universal Basic Education Fund  \n47 Intergovernmental interaction and its challenges  \n48 The Basic Health Care Provision Fund  \n50 BPHCF as a complement to state-level efforts to expand UHC  \n51 Fund flow to frontline service providers  \n53 Accountability for results  \n55  The Universal Basic Education Intervention ","cbCaih6t7pJ4d7tH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih6t7pJ4d7tH","pdf",11524968,5,1,106,"English","en",105,"# Introduction: Human Capital, Its Importance and Constraints to Improvement\n## Why a focus on under-5 mortality rates and out-of-school children?\n# The State of Human Capital in Nigeria: Primary Health Care and Basic Education\n## The state of basic health care services\n## Access to health care\n## Quality of care\n## Equity in access to health care\n## The Solutions are not simply technical\n## The state of basic education services\n## Equity\n## Shortage of classrooms and teachers\n## Out-of-school children: Magnitude and trends\n## What are the main drivers of school attendance?\n# Public Spending in Primary Health and Basic Education: Inadequate and of Poor Quality\n## Institutions\n## Financing\n## Adequacy of spending: Overall public spending in health and education\n## Efficiency of spending\n## Equity of spending\n## Predictability, timeliness, transparency, and accountability\n# Understanding Intergovernmental Transfers for Human Capital\n## The Basic Health Care Provision Fund and the Universal Basic Education Fund\n# Teachers: Too Few in Number, Poorly Recruited and Trained, and Unevenly Distributed\n## Challenges in teacher recruitment, distribution, and deployment\n## Low quality of teachers\n## Teacher absenteeism\n## Teacher well-being\n## Summary: Key messages and potential reform areas\n# Strengthening Data Systems for Human Capital\n## Data quality and digitizing HMIS\n## Data use for decision making and harmonization of surveys\n## Challenges of the education information systems in Nigeria\n# Recommendations: Matrix of Policy Actions\n## Matrix of Policy Actions to Address Financing and Governance Constraints in Primary Health care and Basic Education","[{\"question\":\"Why does the review focus on under-5 mortality rates and out-of-school children in Nigeria?\",\"answer\":\"It links human-capital outcomes to measurable gaps in health and education delivery. These indicators help identify constraints that hinder improvement in basic services.\"},{\"question\":\"What dimensions of public spending are assessed for primary health care and basic education?\",\"answer\":\"The review evaluates institutions, financing, adequacy of overall spending, efficiency, equity, and cross-cutting governance aspects such as predictability, timeliness, transparency, and accountability.\"},{\"question\":\"How are intergovernmental transfers analyzed for the Basic Health Care Provision Fund and the Universal Basic Education Fund?\",\"answer\":\"It examines intergovernmental interaction, fund arrangements, flexibility to respond to state needs, allocation equity across states, disbursements, utilization, accountability for results, and fund flow to frontline service providers.\"}]",1784478229,267,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"human-capital-public-expenditure-and-institutional-review-an-analysis-of-financing-and-governace-constraints-for-the-delievry-of-basic-education-and-primary-health-care-in-nigeria-2024","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/human-capital-public-expenditure-and-institutional-review-an-analysis-of-financing-and-governace-constraints-for-the-delievry-of-basic-education-and-primary-health-care-in-nigeria-2024/109262/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why does the review focus on under-5 mortality rates and out-of-school children in Nigeria?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"It links human-capital outcomes to measurable gaps in health and education delivery. 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