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Guided by four anthropological perspectives—genetic, physiological, behavioural, and cultural—the work clarifies distinctions between adaptation as a causal explanation and adaptability as a species capacity. It addresses how adaptation functions within evolutionary biology and kin selection, while emphasizing the complexities and risks of applying terms such as fitness and adaptation across scientific and everyday 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SCIENCE LIBRARY   |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| LEGAL DEPOSIT COPY   | NO   |\n| LAST BODLEIAN COPY   | NO   |\n| RECENT USAGE   | NO   |\n\n.  \nOV  \nDigitized by the Internet Archive  \nin 2023 with funding fromKahle/Austin Foundation  \n# HUMAN ADAPTATION\n\nEDITED BY  \nG.A.HARRISON  \nEmeritus Professor of Biological AnthropologyUniversity of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Linacre College  \nHOWARD MORPHY  \nProfessor of Anthropology,University College London;Professor of Anthropology,Australian National University;andHonorary Curator,Pitt Rivers Research Centre  \nOxford·New York  \n\n| Oxford Uaiversity Library  \u003Cbr>Services  \u003Cbr>BodlcinLIbray   |\n| --- |\n\nFirst published in 1993 by Oxford University PressReprinted with a new Preface in 1998 by  \nBerg  \nEditorial offices:  \n150 Cowley Road,Oxford,OX41J,UK70 Washington Square South,New York,NY 10012,USA  \n◎ G.A.Harrison and Howard Morphy 1998  \nAll rights reserved.  \nNo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means withoutthe written permission of Berg.  \nBerg is the imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd.  \n# Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data\n\nA catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.  \n# British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data\n\nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.  \nISBN 185973958X(Paper)  \nPrinted in the United Kingdom by WBC Book Manufacturers,Mid-Glamorgan.  \nPREFACE  \nHoward Morpby and Geoffrey Harrison  \nWhen visiting a doctor for a general examination one of us was subjected to theusual interrogation on exercise.Playing cricket and squash fairly regularly couldperhaps have provided a satisfactory answer.But no,jogging was what wasrequired at the time:Playing cricket is not like being chased by a sabre-toothedtiger.For99 per cent of our history we have been hunters and gatherers,survivalof the fittest you know?There was no point in taking the discussion further byquestioning the underlying assumptions about hunter-gatherers,providing moredetails about Pleistocene environments,or suggesting that squash might indeedhave been as good a preparation as any for being chased by a sabre-toothedtiger!The cure was a fixed one,partly fashion,partly medical common sense;the packaging reflected folk wisdom with a little anthropological knowledgefiltering through.  \nThe idea of adaptation is a part of Western folk wisdom about the world aswellas being integral to Darwinian evolutionary theory.As Malcolm Smith arguesin Chapter 1,adaptation is a 'common sense default assumption'.It is very easyto slip between scientific and everyday uses of terms such as 'fitness'and'adaptation'.It is also easy to confuse adaptation in a causal sense -that thepresence of a particular gene or pattern of behaviour is caused by its particularfunction-with the human capacity to adapt to a particular circumstance.Adaptability,in the sense of the capacity to act flexibly and to respond to verydifferent environmental circumstances,to different social contexts and to differenttechnological problems,is a characteristic of the human species.But to say thata particular response,a particular demonstration of the adaptability of humanbeings,is the result of adaptation is to confuse the capacity to do something withits functional purpose and origin.Of course the two are related,since if indiv-iduals show such adaptability then the capacity is a species characteristic produced  \nas a species adaptation by evolution!  \nThe physiological capacity that enables human beings to adapt to living inhigh altitudes provides an excellent example of the need to separate adaptationas a causal factor in the particular context from the ultimate ways in which theparticular adaptation may be exploited.Geoffrey Harrison shows in Chapter 2how the capacity to adapt to living at high altitude is unlikely to h","cbCaitCQd8rb0LKa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitCQd8rb0LKa","pdf",11518102,178,"English","# Preface\n## Adaptation as a concept and its everyday vs scientific meanings\n## Adaptation, causality, and human adaptability\n## High-altitude physiology and preadaptation\n## Four anthropological perspectives: genetic, physiological, behavioural, cultural\n## Adaptation in evolutionary biology and kin selection","[{\"question\":\"What question about exercise prompts the book’s discussion in the Preface?\",\"answer\":\"The authors describe being asked what was required of them for a general examination—jogging—and then contrasting it with playing cricket and squash as different forms of preparation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Preface distinguish adaptation from adaptability and from causal explanations?\",\"answer\":\"It separates adaptation as a causal claim from the broader capacity to act flexibly across environments and social contexts, warning against confusing functional purpose and origin.\"},{\"question\":\"What example is used to illustrate separating context from the ultimate origin of adaptation?\",\"answer\":\"High-altitude living is used: the physiological capacity enabling adaptation is discussed as unlikely to have been caused by the high-altitude requirements themselves, since capacities evolved earlier in lowland environments.\"}]","HUMAN ADAPTATION | PDF",1792185348,449]