[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-341199-105":59,"doc-detail-341199-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","how-tumors-escape-the-immune-system-insight-exosomes","How tumors escape the immune system - Insight Exosomes","","Mutations in the gene for β-catenin alter how liver cancer cells package and release exosomes, leading to fewer immune-targeting vesicles in the tumor microenvironment. The article explains that exosomes are small nano-sized vesicles carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites that reflect the originating cell and influence recipient-cell behavior. It summarizes findings showing oncogenic β-catenin represses key exosome machinery genes such as Rab27a and syndecan-4, reducing immune-cell infiltration and contributing to immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-tumors-escape-the-immune-system-insight-exosomes/341199/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-tumors-escape-the-immune-system-insight-exosomes/341199.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do exosomes help cells communicate in general?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Exosomes deliver active biological materials—such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids—from a parent cell to recipient cells, influencing gene expression and responses to stimuli.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What role do β-catenin mutations play in liver cancer exosome release?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Mutations associated with oncogenic β-catenin reduce the secretion of exosomes from liver cancer cells by downregulating genes needed for vesicle biogenesis and release.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which genes are linked to the reduced exosome secretion in oncogenic β-catenin tumors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article highlights Rab27a and syndecan-4 as key genes that are downregulated when oncogenic β-catenin is present, correlating with fewer exosomes and fewer infiltrating immune cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},341199,1790075470,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","INSIGHT  \nEXOSOMES  \nHow tumors escape the immune system  \nMutations in the gene for β-catenin cause liver cancer cells to release fewer exosomes, which reduces the number of immune cells infiltrating the tumor.  \nSTEFANIE SCHMIEDER  \n Copyright Schmieder. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.  \nRelated research article Dantzer C, Vaché J, Brunel A, Mahouche I, Raymond AA, Dupuy JW, Petrel M, Bioulac-Sage P, Perrais D, Dugot-Senant N, Verdier M, Bessette B, Billottet C, Moreau V. 2024. Emerging role of oncogenic ß-catenin inexosome biogenesis as a driver of immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 13:RP95191 . doi: 10.7554/eLife.95191  \nAll cells in the body release small nano  \nsized vesicles known as exosomes into  \nthe space around them. These vesicles contain a diverse array of biological materials, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other metabolites that represent the ‘parent cell’ they came from (Figure 1A) .  \nWhen exosomes were first discovered in 1981, they were thought to just be another mechanism cells use to relieve themselves of unwanted materials ( Trams et al., 1981; Johnstone et al., 1987; Harding et al., 1983; Kucharzewska et al., 2013) . However, more recently exosomeshave emerged as important players in how cells communicate with each other, even when they are far apart. Exosomes released from the parent cell are taken up by or fused into the membrane of a recipient cell. This delivery of active biological material can influence the behavior of the recipient cell, such as the genes it expresses and how it responds to stimuli (Valadi et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2014) .  \nIn cancer, for example, exosomes released from tumor cells have been shown to promote drug resistance and the local formation of blood vessels (Hu et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2014; Qu et al., 2016) . They can also mediate how cancer cells interact with the immune system, such as impairing how immune cells detect and target cancerous cells (Liu et al., 2020; Kalluriand LeBleu, 2020; Ning et al., 2018; Mathieu et al., 2019) . Despite these advances, however, much remains unknown about the role exosomesplay in cancer and, importantly, what regulates exosome secretion in the parent cell. Now, ineLife, Clotilde Billottet, Violaine Moreau and co-workers – including Camille Dantzer as first author – report how mutations in the gene for β-catenin affect how liver cancer cells secrete exosomes and, in turn, the recruitment of immune cells to the tumor (Dantzer et al., 2024) .  \nMany tumors carry mutations in the gene for β-catenin, including around 30–40% of tumors associated with a type of liver cancer called hepatocellular carcinoma (de L Coste et al., 1998; Rebouissou et al., 2016) . This group of tumors has an important unifying feature: they cannot be infiltrated by cells of the immune system, and are therefore resistant to immunotherapy. But it was unclear what was causing this effect.  \nTo investigate, Dantzer et al. (who are based at the University of Bordeaux and University of Limoges) studied a cell-based model of hepatocellular carcinoma in which the mutant β-catenin (also known as oncogenic β-catenin) had been silenced. They found that this increased the expression of genes involved in generating and  \nSchmieder. eLife 2024;13:e97881. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.97881](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.97881) 1 of 3  \n Insight Exosomes | How tumors escape the immune system  \nFigure 1. The role of exosomes in liver cancers associated with oncogenic β-catenin. (A) Exosomes are small, membrane-encapsulated vesicles that cells release into their environment. The content of each vesicle is reflective of the cell it came from and may include nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and lipids (purple) . (B) Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (light blue with dark blue outline)","cbCaicHpszRuEHdb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicHpszRuEHdb","pdf",442121,"English","# Insight Exosomes | How tumors escape the immune system\n## Exosomes and how cells communicate\n## Cancer exosomes and immune system interaction\n## β-catenin mutations in liver cancer\n## Identifying key genes controlling exosome secretion\n## Consequences of reduced exosome secretion","[{\"question\":\"How do exosomes help cells communicate in general?\",\"answer\":\"Exosomes deliver active biological materials—such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids—from a parent cell to recipient cells, influencing gene expression and responses to stimuli.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do β-catenin mutations play in liver cancer exosome release?\",\"answer\":\"Mutations associated with oncogenic β-catenin reduce the secretion of exosomes from liver cancer cells by downregulating genes needed for vesicle biogenesis and release.\"},{\"question\":\"Which genes are linked to the reduced exosome secretion in oncogenic β-catenin tumors?\",\"answer\":\"The article highlights Rab27a and syndecan-4 as key genes that are downregulated when oncogenic β-catenin is present, correlating with fewer exosomes and fewer infiltrating immune cells.\"}]","How tumors escape the immune system - Insight Exosomes | PDF",1790040865]