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Trauma exposure can lead to long-term negative outcomes, including mental illness, depression, and anxiety, and it also influences academic performance, school attendance, and overall intelligence. This literature review synthesizes research on effects of trauma on children’s mental health as well as learning and behaviour. It also outlines support options spanning everyday teacher-student interactions to intensive intervention programs, including group and individual approaches.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-trauma-affects-student-learning-and-behaviour-literature-review/594898/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-trauma-affects-student-learning-and-behaviour-literature-review/594898.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What kinds of experiences are considered trauma exposure in the review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Trauma exposure includes witnessing and/or being involved in one or more traumatic experiences, including violence, medical or accident events, disasters, war-related exposure, abuse, and other life-threatening or harmful situations.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does trauma exposure affect children’s mental health?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Children may develop symptoms linked to posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety problems, depressive symptoms, and dissociation, and they may change how they view themselves and the world.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What impacts does trauma exposure have on school outcomes and behaviour?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review links trauma exposure to reduced academic performance, lower school attendance, and broader behavioural effects, including difficulties that may extend to learning and conduct.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594898,1792891055,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","How Trauma Affects Student Learning and Behaviour  \nStephanie Frieze  \nAbstract  \nEach year, more and more students are entering the school system having experienced different forms of trauma, such as violence, death, abuse, and illness. Children who are exposed to trauma run the risk of facing negative long-term effects that include mental illness, depression, and anxiety. This literature review provides an overview of how exposure to trauma affects children’s mental health, as well as student learning and behaviour. Academic performance, school attendance, and overall intelligence are affected by exposure to trauma. Suggestions for supporting students with trauma exposure range from everyday interactions to intensive intervention programs, which include traditional and non-traditional practices as well as group and individual programs.  \nThroughout my teaching career, I have observed children entering school with a variety of traumatic experiences that teachers cannot imagine facing themselves. Such experiences may cause students to live in fear and pain, and may also lead them to struggle in areas such as learning and behaviour. As a teacher in a school where many of the students have experienced situations such as abuse, violence and loss, it is important for me to educate myself on how to support these students in coping and working through such detrimental experiences.  \nMy passion is to make a difference for students and to guide them to reach their always expanding potential. My goal is to learn more about the different effects of trauma on student learning and behaviour. In order to help students affected by trauma, I hope to acquire strategies to connect with them, understand their home and community life, and provide guidance for coping with their experiences. I want to provide a supportive environment in which my students feel safe expressing their concerns. As this environment is nourished and sustained, my goal is to work with students to debrief in relation to their experiences and to develop coping strategies. As I become more skilled in supporting students with exposure to trauma, I would also like to provide ongoing support for other teachers and students division wide. I hope that the information I acquire through my research will help me, and others, to support students with trauma exposure. My first step in supporting my students is to learn how trauma exposure affects mental health.  \nThe Effects of Trauma Exposure on Mental Health  \nTrauma exposure includes witnessing and/or being involved in one or more of a broad range of traumatic experiences. Such experiences affect children in many different ways. Some children suffer negative long-term effects from trauma exposure, often resulting in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . These symptoms are similar to the symptoms of people who attended residential schools, for example, because residential school survivors continue to experience negative long-term effects from their experiences.  \nTraumatic events include a vast range of experiences. Jaycox et al. (2009) defined trauma as “a sudden, life threatening event, in which an individual feels horrified, terrified, or helpless”(p. 49) . While exposure to, and experiences with, violence are detrimental to mental health, violence is only one type of experience that is considered to be traumatic. Duplechain, Reigner, and Packard (2008) considered traumatic events to include “hearing gunshots, witnessing muggings, stabbings, or shootings; or seeing a dead body”(p. 118) . According to Kuban and Steele (2011), traumatic events also include “medical procedures, drowning accidents, house fires, car fatalities, substance-abusing parents, divorce, and living with a terminally ill relative”(p. 41) . Experiences are considered to be traumatic if they happen to the child directly, but also  \nif they happen to their loved ones or to other people around them. These experiences include, but are not limited to, ","cbCairmZY3mnCvVB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairmZY3mnCvVB","pdf",240018,"English","# Abstract\n## The Effects of Trauma Exposure on Mental Health\n## Defining Trauma and Traumatic Events\n## Mental Health Impacts and Diagnostic Framework\n## Violence, Microsystem Effects, and Cumulative Domains","[{\"question\":\"What kinds of experiences are considered trauma exposure in the review?\",\"answer\":\"Trauma exposure includes witnessing and/or being involved in one or more traumatic experiences, including violence, medical or accident events, disasters, war-related exposure, abuse, and other life-threatening or harmful situations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does trauma exposure affect children’s mental health?\",\"answer\":\"Children may develop symptoms linked to posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety problems, depressive symptoms, and dissociation, and they may change how they view themselves and the world.\"},{\"question\":\"What impacts does trauma exposure have on school outcomes and behaviour?\",\"answer\":\"The review links trauma exposure to reduced academic performance, lower school attendance, and broader behavioural effects, including difficulties that may extend to learning and conduct.\"}]","How Trauma Affects Student Learning and Behaviour - Literature Review | PDF",1792080052]