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It outlines major contributors—automobiles and industrial stationary sources—then details how fuel combustion and industrial emissions release harmful gases and particulates. The text emphasizes that air pollution harms even those who do not directly cause it, with costs ultimately reflected in consumer prices and municipal 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is polluted air described as both a health and economic problem?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The document explains that air pollution causes serious health harm and also leads to widespread property damage, creating significant economic losses.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the five main sources of air pollution discussed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It states there are five main sources, with automobiles by far the top contributor, and also describes stationary industrial and power-plant sources.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does the document suggest individuals have a choice about breathing polluted air?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. It argues that, within the economic structure of society, each person is effectively forced to breathe polluted air even if they do not directly create it.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},321400,1790481754,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068","THE  \nSCIENCES  \nIN THIS ISSUE  \nHOW TO STOP AIR POLLUTION............................1BLIND BEASTS OF THE GAVE.............................10SOME POINTS ABOUT GACTI..............................13ANATOMY OF AN AVALANCHE............................17THE PHYSICS OF A NEW FAMILY OF FIDDLES.............22INDEX...................................................25  \nPUBLISHED BY  \nTHE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES1817·SESQUICENTENNIAL·1967  \nHOW  \nDDD  \n# TO STOPAIRPOLLUTION\n\nRecently brought to public consciousness,our polluted air is an out-standing health problem,as well as an economic one.It has been saidthat there is scarcely an area in the United States that completelyescapes the curse.In the belief that little has been done to help indivi-duals,municipalities,and other government agencies focus on specificmeans of preventing some of the problems of air pollution,THESCIENCES has gathered material from a wide variety of sources.Thereferences will be sent to any reader on request.Information,if avail-able,about specific devices will also be supplied on request.  \nTBy abogt of milon boes,tha the ehtre 1965 sel sosuecternof the United States.This adds up to a whopping 142 million tonsof noxious gases and filthy particulate matter every year.In Man-hattan alone,each square mile of the city is inundated by 60 tonsof soot each month.Breathing the air of the fun city for a single dayhas the same effect on the lungs as smoking two packs of cigarettes.  \nPollution,at its best,is merely the source of disgusting odors.At its worst,it is a health hazard,hitting hardest at those alreadysuffering from heart and lung diseases.At its worst,high concen-trations of air pollution are lethal:4,000 deaths in London in 1952,22 deaths in Donora,Pa.in 1948.Besides its well-known and well-documented adverse effects upon the health of the nation,air pol-  \nlution eats away at the faces of buildings,corrodes metals,destroyscrops,and decomposes fabrics.Such property damage alone,esti-mates the Federal government,costs citizens some 11 billion dollarsa year,exclusive of the money lost because of declining real estatevalues in heavily polluted areas.Such are some of the extraordinary,yet all too common,results of air pollution.  \nThere are five main sources of pollution.By far,the topdespoiler of our air is that favorite American machine,the auto-mobile and its relatives.Annually,90 million of these deadly devicessuck in vast quantities of air and eject it in a contaminated state.Pollutants attributable to the automobile amount to an astonishingtotal:86 million tons of carbon monoxide,sulfur oxides,nitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons,particulate matter,and the special chemicals,such as tetra-ethyl lead,added to gasoline to improve the quality ofthe ride.As a highly volatile substance,gasoline itself evaporateseasily from the gas tank and carburetor,wafting its hydrocarbonslightly into the air.Smaller amounts pass between the walls of thecylinder and the piston,enter the crankcase,and ultimately arevented into the atmosphere.Unburned and partially burned hydro-carbons forced from the cylinder during the exhaust cycle,pass outthe tailpipe.Also escaping from the tailpipe are the waste productsof gasoline combustion;these include carbon monoxide,fuel im-purities,and fuel additives.On the average,one out of every 10  \ngallons of fuel purchased by the motorist escapes unburned from thefuel tank into the air.  \nStationary sources of pollution accurately reflect the nation'sstriving for a high level of prosperity.For as the automobiles'nox-ious exhaust increases in proportion to the number of cars on theroad,the aerial garbage passed off by industry increases in propor-tion to the American standard of living.Smelters,petroleumrefineries,iron and steel mills,pulp and paper mills,and others allmake heavy contributions of contamination to the air we breathe.  \nWith increased prosperity comes the need for more power.In1966,power plants supplied Americans with about 1,250 billi","cbCaifpLJMfmHMWl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifpLJMfmHMWl","pdf",1464660,32,"English","# How to Stop Air Pollution\n## Health and economic impacts of air pollution\n## Main sources: automobiles\n## Main sources: stationary sources and power plants\n## Individual burden and societal cost","[{\"question\":\"Why is polluted air described as both a health and economic problem?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that air pollution causes serious health harm and also leads to widespread property damage, creating significant economic losses.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the five main sources of air pollution discussed?\",\"answer\":\"It states there are five main sources, with automobiles by far the top contributor, and also describes stationary industrial and power-plant sources.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the document suggest individuals have a choice about breathing polluted air?\",\"answer\":\"No. It argues that, within the economic structure of society, each person is effectively forced to breathe polluted air even if they do not directly create it.\"}]","How to Stop Air Pollution | PDF",1789959193,81]