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Three web-based manga variants created with “Koikatsu” differ only in hairstyle and voice tone, followed by a one-way ANOVA on impression ratings.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-to-make-manga-more-interesting-to-readers-using-lattices-derived-from-rough-sets/155409/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-to-make-manga-more-interesting-to-readers-using-lattices-derived-from-rough-sets/155409.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-08-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",19,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is “symbol-base theory” in manga character design?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It is a theory that treats elements of a character’s appearance as symbols of their inner personality factors, implying a one-to-one correspondence between appearance elements and personality.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the paper use lattices derived from rough sets?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The method constructs lattices from rough sets to challenge symbol-base theory based on readers’ impressions, then it is applied to manga in this study.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What experimental design was used to test the hypotheses?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Three manga were created with “Koikatsu” using the same story but different hairstyle and voice tone, producing linear or non-linear lattices. Readers then rated impressions, and results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},155409,1787911592,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Osaka Institute of Technology: Osaka Kogyo Daigaku [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-0854](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-0854)  \nhuman-agent interaction, manga, comic computing, lattice, lattice derived rough set, rough set  March 14th, 2024  \n [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3780960/v1](https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3780960/v1)  \n 􀁱 􀅏 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nRead Full License  \n1 How to make manga more interesting to readers:  \n2 Using lattices derived from rough sets  \n3 Tetsuya Matsui􀀃  \n4  \n5 Received: DD Month YEAR / Accepted: DD Month YEAR  \n6 Abstract In manga (comics) and Japanese animation, “symbol-base theory,”  \n7 which has its roots in Azuma’s data base theory, is widely accepted. This  \n8 theory suggests that the elements of a character can be arbitrarily combined, 9 and the elements of appearance and inner personality correspond one-to-one  \n10 with each other. Mastui and Gunji showed that a method for deriving lattices  \n11 from rough sets can be used to disprove symbol-base theory in terms of the  \n12 impressions readers have of characters. In this paper, I applied this method to  \n13 manga. I hypothesized that manga that created a non-linear lattice is perceived  \n14 to be more interesting than manga that created using a linear lattice and  \n15 that manga created a non-linear lattice is perceived to have characters that  \n16 are more easily distinguishable than manga created a linear lattice. To verify  \n17 these hypotheses, I constructed three manga using the software “Koikatsu”  \n18 and conducted an experiment on the web. All manga have the same story, 19 only the character’s hair and tone are di􀀋erent. Character hairstyle and tone  \n20 of voice create a linear or nonlinear lattice. Manga 1 and Manga 2 created linear  \n21 lattices and Manga 3 created non-linear lattice. In the experiment, participants  \n22 read the manga and were asked questions about their impression of it. After  \n23 that, I conducted a one-way ANOVA on the results. The manga that did not  \n24 have a one-to-one correspondence between hairstyle and tone and that created  \n25 a non-linear lattice was perceived to be funnier than the other manga. Also, 26 this manga had no disadvantages in terms of the perceived readability and the  \n27 ease of distinguishing characters. These results question symbol-base theory.  \n28 Keywords human-agent interaction 􀀁 manga 􀀁 comic computing 􀀁 lattice 􀀁  \n29 lattice derived rough set 􀀁 rough set  \nT. Matsui  \nOsaka Institute of Technology Tel.: +123-45-678910  \nFax: +123-45-678910  \nE-mail: [tetsuya.matsui@oit.ac.jp](tetsuya.matsui@oit.ac.jp)  \nPigtails Strong  \nPonytail  \nCheerful  \nShort  \nKind  \nLong  \nModest  \nFig. 1 Example of concept of “symbol-base theory.” This theory suggests that element (hairstyle) corresponds to inner personality.  \n30 1 Introduction  \n31 Manga(comic) is a visual culture that expresses stories through pictures and  \n32 text (dialogue) . The dual nature of manga, with its duality of picture and text, 33 has long been the focus of attentionAbbott (1986)Saraceni (2003)Cohn (2013) .  \n34 Manga characters are represented not only visually, but also through dialogue  \n35 and actions in the story. Many researchers have shown that race, gender, and  \n36 other characteristics are written in comics not only visually but also through  \n37 actions in the storySinger (2002)Glascock and Preston-Schreck (2004)Carroll  \n38 (2014) . On the other hand, in manga, there are characters who deviate from  \n39 common stereotypes, such as ”strong female heroines”Brown (2011)Madrid  \n40 (2016) . These studies show that while cartoon characters have a duality of  \n41 appearance and interiority, the two are intricately intertwined.  \n42 From here, we will look at models proposed in previous research on the re- 43 lationship between a character’s appearance and his or her inner personality.  \n44 Regarding manga (comics) and the design of","cbCainpNOc0H0dHW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainpNOc0H0dHW","pdf",1193064,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Symbol-base theory in manga and animation\n## Lattice-derived rough sets and prior work\n## Experimental approach and hypotheses","[{\"question\":\"What is “symbol-base theory” in manga character design?\",\"answer\":\"It is a theory that treats elements of a character’s appearance as symbols of their inner personality factors, implying a one-to-one correspondence between appearance elements and personality.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper use lattices derived from rough sets?\",\"answer\":\"The method constructs lattices from rough sets to challenge symbol-base theory based on readers’ impressions, then it is applied to manga in this study.\"},{\"question\":\"What experimental design was used to test the hypotheses?\",\"answer\":\"Three manga were created with “Koikatsu” using the same story but different hairstyle and voice tone, producing linear or non-linear lattices. Readers then rated impressions, and results were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA.\"}]","How to make manga more interesting to readers - Using lattices derived from rough sets | PDF",38]