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It highlights structural barriers such as incomplete gender-identity data collection and proposes inclusive guideline development and more representative study 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\n[https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkaf120](https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkaf120)  \nAdvance Access Publication Date: December 23, 2025  \nBrief Communications  \nHow to improve the cancer continuum for transgender and gender-diverse patients  \nTheodore E. Schall , PhD, MSW, MBE1, 􀀃 , NFN Scout , PhD2, Adrian Shanker , BA3, Laura E. Stamm , PhD4  \n1Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States 2The Cancer Network, Providence, RI, United States  \n3Institute for Health Policy and Politics, Lehigh University College of Health, Bethlehem, PA, United States 4Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States  \n􀀃 Corresponding author: Theodore E. Schall, PhD, MSW, MBE, Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Arnold House Room 325, 715 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, United States ([tschall@umass.edu](tschall@umass.edu)) .  \nAbstract  \nTransgender and gender-diverse patients experience significant disparities throughout the cancer continuum, including receiving less frequent preventive cancer screenings for all cancer types, being diagnosed with cancer at later stages, and being less likely to receive treatment for some types of cancer. This brief correspondence describes steps that providers and institutions can take to improve research, provider training, and clinical care for this vulnerable population.  \nA recent review of the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) cancer literature found TGD people engage in a greater incidence of primary risk factors for cancer (such as tobacco consumption), receive less frequent preventive cancer screenings for all cancer types, are diagnosed with cancer at later stages, and are less likely to receive treatment for some types of cancer.1 These disparities in care likely contribute to higher all-cause mortality,2 higher rates of disability,3 and worse mental health outcomes4 among TGD populations compared to their cisgender peers. However, there are many structural and institutional interventions that could mitigate these health disparities. Building on the review, this commentary aims to describe opportunities in research, training, and provision of care to improve the cancer care continuum for TGD people.  \nThere are important research opportunities for TGD patients across all phases of the cancer care continuum: screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. A persistent problem across health research broadly, and cancer continuum research specifically, is inadequate data collection related to gender identity.5 For example, providers may collect only sex or gender, but not both, or may collect these data points only at initial intake, thereby missing later patient changes. Lack of data in electronic health records translates to missing data in cancer registries, and lack of registry integration suppresses sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) information, even from the few oncology offices that do maintain good data.6  \nLGBTQIAþ advocates have pushed for the collection of sSOGI data in key health surveys and datasets for years, specifically using the two-step method for gender identity collection.7 ,8 Recent gains were made under the Biden administration, which required every federal department to develop and implement an SOGI Data Action Plan.9 The further addition of SOGI data collection fields for clinical trial reporting in the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium also offers new opportunities to expand relevant data collection,10 as does the strong encouragement of  \nsome states, such as WA, CA, and NY, to collect TGD data, including inclusion on the NY state cancer registry.11-13 Unfortunately, the directives from the Trump administration to discontinue all federal gender identity data colle","cbCaigLiihTAIXpJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigLiihTAIXpJ","pdf",354546,"English","# Abstract\n## Disparities across the cancer continuum\n## Research data gaps and SOGI collection\n## Inclusive study populations and clinical trials\n## Guideline development for TGD-inclusive care","[{\"question\":\"What disparities affect transgender and gender-diverse patients across the cancer continuum?\",\"answer\":\"They experience less frequent preventive cancer screenings, later-stage diagnoses, and are less likely to receive treatment for some cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"What research and data-collection issue is identified as a persistent problem?\",\"answer\":\"Inadequate data collection related to gender identity, including limited or incomplete capture of SOGI in clinical and registry data systems.\"},{\"question\":\"What guideline changes does the correspondence suggest to improve care for TGD populations?\",\"answer\":\"Develop and evaluate clinical guidelines inclusive of TGD people, such as recommending screening based on relevant anatomy (e.g., a cervix) rather than using gendered categories like “women”.\"}]","How to improve the cancer continuum for transgender and gender-diverse patients | PDF",1790105894]