[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-661119-105":59,"doc-detail-661119-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","how-to-do-so-in-mandarin-chinese-ting-chi-wei-and-yen-hui-audrey-li","How to do so in Mandarin Chinese - Ting-Chi Wei and Yen-hui Audrey Li","","This paper investigates the Chinese counterpart of the English “do so” construction and analyzes how the words “do” and “so” behave in Chinese. It argues that Chinese offers clearer evidence for treating “do” as a light verb spelling out an eventuality predicate, taking a VP complement that contains “so.” The proposed structure and derivation are tested through comparison with related predicate anaphors and verb-plus-“so” structures, helping resolve disputes about constituency and argument structures, illustrated in cases such as the ba construction and prenominal PPs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-to-do-so-in-mandarin-chinese-ting-chi-wei-and-yen-hui-audrey-li/661119/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-to-do-so-in-mandarin-chinese-ting-chi-wei-and-yen-hui-audrey-li/661119.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"noah","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main focus of the paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper studies the Chinese “do so” counterpart to the English “do so” construction and examines properties of “do” and “so” in Chinese.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper analyze “do” in the Chinese construction?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It argues that “do” functions as a light verb that spells out the eventuality predicate and takes a VP complement containing “so”.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which linguistic issues do the results help address?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The results support resolving controversies about constituency and argument structures, and the analysis is illustrated with cases including the ba construction, prenominal PPs, and control structures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},661119,1793158145,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":41,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},1099529839121,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","How to do so in Mandarin Chinese Ting-Chi Wei1 • Yen-hui Audrey Li2  \nReceived: 13 December 2011/Accepted: 3 November 2015  \n􀀂 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016  \nAbstract In light of extensive studies on the English do so construction, this paper investigates the lesser-known counterpart in Chinese as well as the properties of the words do and so. It will be shown that Chinese provides clearer evidence for analyzing this do as a light verb spelling out the eventuality predicate DO and takes a VP as its complement, which contains so. The analysis of the structure and derivation ofthe do so construction proposed in this work will be supported by comparison with related predicate anaphors and the structure containing a verb and so (such as I think so) . The results of this study help resolving controversies relating to various constituency and argument structures. The cases illustrated are the ba construction, apparent prenominal PPs, control structures, and argument vs. non-argument PPs.  \nKeywords Do so 􀀂 Surface anaphor 􀀂 Deep anaphor 􀀂 Light verb 􀀂 Eventuality predicate 􀀂 Constituency  \n1 Introduction  \nThe do so construction in English, illustrated in (1) below, has contributed significantly to the discussion of several theoretical issues over the decades and helped characterize grammatical properties related to constituency and argument structure, among others.  \n& Ting-Chi Wei [tingchiwei@nknu.edu.tw](tingchiwei@nknu.edu.tw)  \n[Yen-hui Audrey Li](Yen-hui Audrey Li)  \n[audreyli@usc.edu](audreyli@usc.edu)  \n1 Graduate Institute of Taiwan History, Culture and Languages, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan  \n2 Department of Linguistics and Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA  \n1 3  \n(1) John read his friend’s book; Bill did so as well.  \nThis construction has been a useful diagnostic for determining constituency structures—[do so] must be anaphoric to a verbal constituent (a verb phrase) . It also distinguishes subcategorized from non-subcategorized elements: the verb phrase that [do so] is anaphoric to must include the subcategorized complements of the verb, whereas non-subcategorized phrases can be optionally included as in (2a, b) . The subcategorized complement is not included in (2c); therefore, the sentence isnot acceptable (see, for instance, Lakoff and Ross 1976, cf. a more recent work Culicover and Jackendoff 2005 on some issues) .  \n(2) a. John [read the report at school] yesterday; Bill did so today.  \nb. John [read the report] at school yesterday; Bill did so at home today.  \nc. John [read] the report at school yesterday; *Bill did so the novel at home today.  \nThe derivation and internal structure of [do so] have also been topics of great interest. Hankamer and Sag (1976) observe that [do so] contrasts with others in the VP anaphora family, such as [do it] or [do the same thing], in their grammatical behavior, and argue that a distinction should be made between ‘‘surface anaphora’’and ‘‘deep anaphora’’. However, as well summarized and commented in Houser (2010), there have been debates on whether the distinction of anaphora types best characterizes the behavior of the various VP-anaphora constructions and whether [do so] is a surface anaphor even if the distinction exists. The debate on surface and deep anaphora also bears on issues regarding ellipsis constructions. Because deep and surface anaphors differ in whether they have syntactically accessible internal structures (e.g., whether an element within a VP anaphor can be identified to serve as an antecedent for a following pronoun (missing antecedent phenomenon) and whether a sloppy reading is available (as in (3)–(4) below, discssued in Bresnan 1971, p. 592; Johnson 2001, p. 456; Houser 2010, pp. 15–17), they also contribute to the debate on the different approaches to VP-ellipsis—whether or not the missing oranaphoric VPs have syntactically accessible structur","cbCaic3T5tVUc9El","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic3T5tVUc9El","pdf",436414,"English","# Introduction\n## Do so as an anaphoric diagnostic\n## Derivation, internal structure, and anaphora types\n## Relation to ellipsis and sloppy readings\n## Light verbs and eventuality predicates","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper studies the Chinese “do so” counterpart to the English “do so” construction and examines properties of “do” and “so” in Chinese.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper analyze “do” in the Chinese construction?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that “do” functions as a light verb that spells out the eventuality predicate and takes a VP complement containing “so”.\"},{\"question\":\"Which linguistic issues do the results help address?\",\"answer\":\"The results support resolving controversies about constituency and argument structures, and the analysis is illustrated with cases including the ba construction, prenominal PPs, and control structures.\"}]","How to do so in Mandarin Chinese - Ting-Chi Wei and Yen-hui Audrey Li | PDF",76]