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Results further indicate that initial projections of a friend’s and a spouse’s responsiveness predict longitudinal changes in perceived communal responsiveness, supporting a projection-based model of relationship promotion.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-the-head-liberates-the-heart-projection-of-communal-responsiveness-guides-relationship-promotion/238654/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-the-head-liberates-the-heart-projection-of-communal-responsiveness-guides-relationship-promotion/238654.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Theodora","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What does the research propose people do regarding communal responsiveness?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"People project their own felt communal responsiveness onto partners, assuming partners will respond with comparable care and support.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is relationship promotion affected in the studies?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Projected perceptions of a partner’s responsiveness guide the perceiver’s orientation toward further promotion of communal relationships, influencing attraction, warmth, and other relational behaviors.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Do the projected perceptions have effects over time?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Yes. Initial projected perceptions of a friend’s and a spouse’s communal responsiveness predicted longitudinal changes in perceivers’ communal responsiveness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},238654,1789138689,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",".  \ny  \nl  \n. dsr a  \ne o  \nhsrb  \nild  \nbu et  \np an  \ndi  \ne m  \nil e  \nl s  \na si  \nst di  \nfoeb  \ne ot  \nn t  \no o  \nr n  \no s  \nn i  \no dit n  \na a  \nic re  \no s  \nss u  \nA la  \nlaud  \nc ii v  \ngi  \no dl n  \no ih ec h  \ny t  \ns f  \nP o  \nn e  \na s  \nc ui  \nr l  \ne a  \nm no  \nA sr  \ne e  \nh pt  \neyh  \nb t  \nderoft  \nh y  \ngli e  \nr l  \ny o  \nposd  \nc e  \ns di n  \nt e  \nn t  \ne n  \nm is  \nu i  \nc e  \no l  \ndcit  \ns r  \ni a  \nh T si  \nh  \nT  \nJournal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association  \n2008, Vol. 94, No. 4, 647–671 0022-3514/08/$12 .00 DOI: 10 . 1037/0022-3514 .94.4.647  \nHow the Head Liberates the Heart: Projection of Communal Responsiveness Guides Relationship Promotion  \nEdward P. Lemay, Jr., and Margaret S. Clark  \nYale University  \nIn 5 studies, the authors tested predictions that (a) people project their own felt communal responsiveness  \nonto partners, perceiving partners to be just as caring and supportive as they are, and (b) projected  \nperceptions guide perceivers’ orientation toward further promotion of communal relationships. In Study  \n1, a manipulation of felt communal responsiveness toward a partner affected perceptions ofthe partner’s  \nresponsiveness to the self, which in turn predicted evaluation of the partner. In Study 2, a manipulation  \nof responsiveness toward a new acquaintance biased perceptions ofthe acquaintance’s responsiveness to  \nthe self, which in turn predicted attraction and warmth toward the new acquaintance. In Studies 3 and 5,  \nparticipants’ own felt communal responsiveness toward a friend appeared to bias their perceptions ofthe  \nfriend’s communal responsiveness, which in turn predicted self-disclosure, evaluation of the friend  \n(Studies 3 and 5), and support provision (Study 5) . Initial projected perceptions of a friend’s (Study 3)  \nand of a spouse’s (Study 4) communal responsiveness also predicted longitudinal changes in perceivers’  \ncommunal responsiveness. Results suggest that those who care for partners often project that care and  \nthat this projection guides their relationship promotion.  \nKeywords: projection of responsiveness, assumed similarity, social support, communal relationships,  \nself-disclosure  \nPerceiving that a partner responds supportively to one’s needs is thought to be a critical determinant of the development of intimate relationships (Reis, Clark, & Holmes, 2004) . This perception enhances happiness and satisfaction within the relationship and contributes to the fulfillment of our need to belong in communal relationships—those relationships characterized by a mutual bond of caring for needs (Baumeister & Leary, 1995; Clark & Mills, 1993) . Moreover, perceiving a partner as responsive to one’s needs appears to motivate people to approach and invest in relationships and to prevent pernicious defensive responses to doubts about a partner’s acceptance and care (Murray, Holmes, & Collins, 2006) . In the current research, we test a model positing that perceptions of a partner’s responsiveness to one’s needs are, in part, projections of one’s own responsiveness to a partner’s needs. That is,  \nEdward P. Lemay, Jr., and Margaret S. Clark, Department of Psychology, Yale University  \nMargaret S. Clark’s participation in the project and data collection for Study 4 were supported by National Science Foundation Grant BNS 9983417. Edward P. Lemay, Jr.’s participation in the project and data collection for the other studies were supported by a National Institute of Mental Health National Research Service Award predoctoral fellowship. The opinions and conclusions expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the National Science Foundation or of the National Institutes of Health. We thank Virginia Fraser, Patricia Jenkins, and Sherri Pataki for assistance with collecting data for Study 4; Colin Adamo, Elizabeth Cronson, and Lisa Shull for coding data for Study 2","cbCailFuwEeOVEUw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailFuwEeOVEUw","pdf",278979,25,"English","# Introduction\n## Projection of Communal Responsiveness\n# Studies and Results\n## Relationship promotion outcomes\n## Longitudinal changes","[{\"question\":\"What does the research propose people do regarding communal responsiveness?\",\"answer\":\"People project their own felt communal responsiveness onto partners, assuming partners will respond with comparable care and support.\"},{\"question\":\"How is relationship promotion affected in the studies?\",\"answer\":\"Projected perceptions of a partner’s responsiveness guide the perceiver’s orientation toward further promotion of communal relationships, influencing attraction, warmth, and other relational behaviors.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the projected perceptions have effects over time?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Initial projected perceptions of a friend’s and a spouse’s communal responsiveness predicted longitudinal changes in perceivers’ communal responsiveness.\"}]","How the Head Liberates the Heart - Projection of Communal Responsiveness Guides Relationship Promotion | PDF",63]