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Using principal perception survey data in a cross-sectional design, the study collected online responses from over 40% of principals in a top-ten ranked U.S. state located in the rural western region. Findings show relationships are mediated by motivating language; path analysis indicates ML as a communication mechanism linking credibility to leadership effectiveness and job satisfaction. Results are discussed with implications for practice and future research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-motivating-language-mediates-rural-superintendent-credibility-and-impacts-their-leadership-effectiveness-and-principal-job-satisfaction-december-2021/601275/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-motivating-language-mediates-rural-superintendent-credibility-and-impacts-their-leadership-effectiveness-and-principal-job-satisfaction-december-2021/601275.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"hdkawk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To determine how motivating language mediates rural superintendents’ credibility (goodwill, competence, and trustworthiness) and how that mediation influences leadership effectiveness and principal job satisfaction.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used cross-sectional principal perception survey data collected through an online survey.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results suggest about motivating language?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Relationships among credibility dimensions and leadership outcomes are mediated by motivating language, and ML functions as a key mechanism for superintendent communication effectiveness that supports job satisfaction and leadership effectiveness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601275,1792763426,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747859855,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","How Motivating Language Mediates Rural Superintendent Credibility and Impacts their Leadership Effectiveness and Principal Job  \nSatisfaction  \nWilliam T. Holmes  \nUniversity of New Mexico  \nMichele A. Parker  \nUniversity of North Carolina Wilmington  \nJentre J. Olsen  \nOklahoma State University  \nJam Khojasteh  \nOklahoma State University  \nThis study focused on the dimensions of source credibility and their impact on superintendent leadership effectiveness and principal job satisfaction when mediated by motivating language as part of rural superintendents’ administrative talk and practice. Principal perception survey data was used in this cross-sectional study. Over 40% of the principals from a top-ten ranked state located in a rural western area of United States of America responded to the online survey. In general, the relationships between the dimension, goodwill, competence, and trustworthiness were mediated by motivating language. The path analysis findings suggest that Motivating Language (ML) serves as an important mechanism for superintendent communication effectiveness in achieving the outcomes of principal job satisfaction and superintendent leadership effectiveness. The results are discussed, along with implications for practice and future research.  \nKeywords: Motivating Language Theory, Motivating Language, Credibility, Superintendent Talk, Rural Superintendent  \nICPEL Education Leadership Review, Vol. 22, No. 1– December, 2021 ISSN: 1532-0723 © 2021 International Council of Professors of Educational Leadership  \nA superintendent’s ability to communicate is vital to the roles of the superintendency, includingthe leadership and managerial aspects of the position. Superintendents, in general, use their talk to accomplish the work of the superintendency in an intentional and strategic manner known as Motivating Language Theory [MLT] (Holmes & Parker, 2019; Williams, 2017) . Other communication theories and models exist within educational leadership, such as communication accommodation theory (see Green, 2010) or relational communication (Kowalski, 2015) . We chose to examine Motivating Language Theory because not only what a school or district leader says matters (Hindman, Seiders, & Grant, 2009) but as a leadership communication theory focused on employees’ and organizations’ motivation and persuasion (Mayfield, Mayfield, & Walker, 2020) Motivating Language Theory is strongly aligned to the definition of leadership espoused by Johnson and Hackman. “Leadership is human communication that modifies the attitudes and behaviors of others in order to meet shared group goals and needs”(2018, p. 12) . As educational leaders’ discourse and dialogue with various groups and individuals, their leadership talk becomesan effective motivational tool that helps meet school and district outcomes, as well as individual ones (Yildiz, 2016) . The purpose of this study is to understand how Motivating Language mediates rural superintendents’ credibility (e.g., Goodwill, Competence, and Trustworthiness) to impact their leadership effectiveness and principal job satisfaction.  \nRural Superintendents  \nAs rural superintendents communicate their thoughts and ideas orally using the strategic and mindful framework of MLT (Mayfield & Mayfield, 2018; Mayfield, Mayfield & Kopf, 1995; Sullivan, 1988), they exercise a magnified and strengthened form of leadership needed to accomplish the diverse needs and goals of a rural district often within an understaffed and underresourced district/central office environment that is often overburdened (Forner, Bierlein-Palmer & Reeves, 2012) . Henwood (2016, p. 13), in a discussion of rural superintendents in Colorado, identified eight American Association of School Administrators (AASA) superintendent roles as communications and community relations, leadership and district culture, human resource management, organizational management, values and ethics of leadership, instructional management, and policy and ","cbCaisjB8aKtu9PT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisjB8aKtu9PT","pdf",373226,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Motivating Language Theory and leadership communication\n# Rural Superintendents\n## Superintendent roles and rural context\n# The Problem Statement\n## Superintendent talk and credibility outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine how motivating language mediates rural superintendents’ credibility (goodwill, competence, and trustworthiness) and how that mediation influences leadership effectiveness and principal job satisfaction.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study used cross-sectional principal perception survey data collected through an online survey.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about motivating language?\",\"answer\":\"Relationships among credibility dimensions and leadership outcomes are mediated by motivating language, and ML functions as a key mechanism for superintendent communication effectiveness that supports job satisfaction and leadership effectiveness.\"}]","How Motivating Language Mediates Rural Superintendent Credibility and Impacts their Leadership Effectiveness and Principal Job Satisfaction - December 2021 | PDF",1792092309,45]