[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-339516-105":59,"doc-detail-339516-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","how-micrornas-command-the-battle-against-cancer-review","How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer - Review","","MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of human genes. Evidence shows miRNAs are crucial in tumor development: miRNA sets in human tumors are often under-expressed versus normal tissues, and disrupting miRNA processing can enhance tumorigenesis. The review centers on two themes: miRNAs in human cancer and miRNA-mediated control of tumor suppressors, including p53, the miR-144/451 cluster shaping the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and PTEN, followed by future perspectives and therapeutic avenues.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-micrornas-command-the-battle-against-cancer-review/339516/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-micrornas-command-the-battle-against-cancer-review/339516.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Violet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role do microRNAs (miRNAs) play in cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"miRNAs regulate gene expression and are linked to tumorigenesis. 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How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 5865. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25115865](10.3390/ijms25115865)  \nAcademic Editor: Antonella Fioravanti  \nReceived: 24 April 2024  \nRevised: 23 May 2024  \nAccepted: 26 May 2024  \nPublished: 28 May 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada; [hwualberta@gmail.com](hwualberta@gmail.com)  \n[2](2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology)[ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology](2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology) ([5B4](5B4) . 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; [csergi@cheo.on.ca](csergi@cheo.on.ca) (C.S.)  \n3 Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada  \n* Correspondence: [rleng@ualberta.ca](rleng@ualberta.ca)  \nAbstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA,(b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.  \nKeywords: miRNA; p53; p63; PTEN; therapy  \n1. miRNAs  \nMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at transcription and translation levels [1–4] . They are 19–25 nucleotides (nt) long, with an average length of 22 . The first miRNA, lin-4, was discovered in C. elegans by V. Ambros [5] . It was initially called stRNA (short temporal RNA) due to its restricted expression and its role in controlling the transition from larval to adult stage gene expression in C. elegans. The second miRNA, let-7, was subsequently identified in the development timing of C. elegans [6] . The homologues of the let-7 gene were then found in other animals, including humans [7] . The conservation of let-7 across species suggests a fundamental biological role for this small RNA. Humans have more than 1000 miRNAs that can target more than 30% of mammalian genes and are abundant in many types of human cells [8–10] . This makes miRNAs one of the most abundant classes of regulatory genes in humans. miRNAsare perceived as a key layer of post-transcriptional control within gene regulation. These miRNAs are highly conserved across species and have the common function of regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level [8–10] .  \n2. miRNAs and Cancer  \nNumerous miRNAs have been found to have links to certain types of cancer [11,12] . Three observations made during the early stages of m","cbCainYkLS6sHhiJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainYkLS6sHhiJ","pdf",2019155,22,"English","# Abstract\n# miRNAs\n# miRNAs and Cancer\n# miRNAs Function as an Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor\n# Future Perspectives and Therapeutic Interventions","[{\"question\":\"What role do microRNAs (miRNAs) play in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"miRNAs regulate gene expression and are linked to tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in tumors are often under-expressed compared with normal tissues, and interference with miRNA processing can enhance tumor development.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tumor suppressor pathways does the review highlight as regulated by miRNAs?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses miRNA regulation of tumor suppressors including p53, miR-144/451-mediated control of the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and miRNA regulation of PTEN.\"},{\"question\":\"How do miRNAs contribute as oncogenes or tumor suppressors?\",\"answer\":\"miRNAs can act as master regulators controlling target genes post-transcriptionally. The article describes oncogenic miRNAs such as miR-155 and miR-21 that are upregulated in multiple cancers.\"}]","How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer - Review | PDF",1790030748,55]