[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-648489-105":59,"doc-detail-648489-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","how-do-sketching-and-non-sketching-actions-convey-design-intent-learn-how-designers-express-intent-with-sketches-and-gestures","How Do Sketching and Non-Sketching Actions Convey Design Intent? - Learn how designers express intent with sketches and gestures","","Sketches function as more than paper marks: they support designers in ideation, problem-solving, and cross-designer communication while carrying structured meta-data about reasoning through annotations, references, gestures, and speech. Paper notebooks cannot capture this richness, whereas digital notebooks can. An observational study of design practitioners recorded sketching and non-sketching actions, categorized the resulting meta-data, and mapped physical behaviors to design intent. Results guide future digital design notebooks to better preserve rationale.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/how-do-sketching-and-non-sketching-actions-convey-design-intent-learn-how-designers-express-intent-with-sketches-and-gestures/648489/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/how-do-sketching-and-non-sketching-actions-convey-design-intent-learn-how-designers-express-intent-with-sketches-and-gestures/648489.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study say sketches contribute beyond visual marks?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Sketches support ideation and problem-solving and also help communication. They are often enriched with annotations, references, and physical actions like gestures or speech that represent designers’ reasoning meta-data.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why can’t traditional paper notebooks capture the designers’ rationale?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Paper notebooks mainly capture what marks the paper—the depictions themselves. They miss additional meta-data embodied in non-sketching actions and multimodal expressions such as gestures and speech.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did the researchers uncover the link between physical actions and design intent?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They conducted an observational study where six experienced practitioners explored design solutions. The researchers identified sketching and non-sketching actions reflecting design-space exploration, categorized the captured meta-data, and mapped observed physical actions to design intent.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},648489,1793024290,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","How Do Sketching and Non-Sketching Actions Convey Design Intent?  \nSenthil Chandrasegaran  \nCollege of Engineering University of California, Davis [schandrasegaran@ucdavis.edu](schandrasegaran@ucdavis.edu)  \nDevarajan Ramanujan  \nDepartment of Engineering Aarhus University, Denmark [devr@eng.au.dk](devr@eng.au.dk)  \nNiklas Elmqvist  \nCollege of Information Studies Department of Computer Science University of Maryland, College Park [elm@umd.edu](elm@umd.edu)  \nFigure 1. Designers use more than sketches and annotations to express intent. Our observational study revealed three main ways (along with speech) in which designers express intent: (a) on-the-surface “pointing” actions to indicate parts of a design,(b) above-the-surface gestures with fingers or pencils to show movement, shape, or area, and (c) away-from-the-surface gestures, using their hands or other objects as proxies for components or assemblies.  \nABSTRACT  \nSketches are much more than marks on paper; they play a key role for designers both in ideation and problem-solving as well as in communication with other designers. Thus, the act of sketching is often enriched with annotations, references, and physical actions, such as gestures or speech—all of which constitute meta-data about the designer's reasoning. Conventional paper-based design notebooks cannot capture this rich meta-data, but digital design notebooks can. To understand what data to capture, we conducted an observational study of design practitioners where they individually explore design solutions for a set of problems. We identified sketching and non-sketching actions that reflect their exploration of the design space. We then categorized the captured meta-data and mapped observed physical actions to design intent. These findings inform the creation of future digital design notebooks that can better capture designers' reasoning during sketching.  \nAuthor Keywords  \nSketching; ideation; observational study.  \nACM Classification Keywords  \nH.5.2 Information Interfaces and Presentation: User Interfaces—Interaction styles  \nPermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions [from permissions@acm.org](from permissions@acm.org).  \nDIS '18, June 9–13, 2018,, Hong Kong  \n© 2018 ACM. ISBN 978-1-4503-5198-0/18/06 . . . $15 .00 DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1145/3196709.3196723](https://doi.org/10.1145/3196709.3196723)  \nINTRODUCTION  \nDesign is not just a mental process for the designer: it also involves physical actions, such as drawing depictions on paper, making movements of a pencil or hands without creating physical depictions, and looking at existing depictions to interpret them [38] . These physical actions give insight into the designer's thought process, and help other collaborators (and sometimes the designers themselves) understand the rationale behind their decisions. The design notebook is typically the designer's medium of choice for recording ideas. However, paper notebooks can only capture actions that mark the paper, i.e. the depictions themselves. With the recent proliferation of handheld computing devices, there is a rising trend in digital applications to replace the design notebook, but these tend to still mostly emulate paper without fully transcending the medium to also capture the rationale behind the pen marks.  \nHand-held personal computing devices such as smartphones and tablets are typically used as digital design notebooks by using their touch screen as a proxy for paper, along with the user's finger, a capaci","cbCaib6wsGffAg6Z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib6wsGffAg6Z","pdf",4237066,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on physical actions and design notebooks\n## Multimodal ideation and gaps in capturing meta-data\n## Goal and approach of the study","[{\"question\":\"What does the study say sketches contribute beyond visual marks?\",\"answer\":\"Sketches support ideation and problem-solving and also help communication. They are often enriched with annotations, references, and physical actions like gestures or speech that represent designers’ reasoning meta-data.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can’t traditional paper notebooks capture the designers’ rationale?\",\"answer\":\"Paper notebooks mainly capture what marks the paper—the depictions themselves. They miss additional meta-data embodied in non-sketching actions and multimodal expressions such as gestures and speech.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers uncover the link between physical actions and design intent?\",\"answer\":\"They conducted an observational study where six experienced practitioners explored design solutions. The researchers identified sketching and non-sketching actions reflecting design-space exploration, categorized the captured meta-data, and mapped observed physical actions to design intent.\"}]","How Do Sketching and Non-Sketching Actions Convey Design Intent? - Learn how designers express intent with sketches and gestures | PDF",1792793702,33]