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\nhttps://archive.org/details/isbn_9780547890524  \nHow Barbed WireChanged the West  \nby Barbara M.Sharp  \n2019  \nHOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCoURT  \nPHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS:Cover O Ralph A.Clevenger/CORBIS.Title page American Stock/Getty Images.2 JeremyWoodhouse/Getty Images.3 Geoff Brightling/DK Images.5 ◎Tom Bean/CORB!S.7 Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images8 The Granger Collection,New York.9(1)(r)US Patent and Trademark Office,Patent No.157124 and No.167240.10 ◎Ralph A.Clevenger/CORBIS.13◎Ralph A.Clevenger/CORBIS.15 American Stock/Getty Images.17 BrianHagiwara/Brand X Pictures.  \nAll other photos ◎Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishers  \nCopyright ◎by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company  \nll rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronicormechanical,including photocopying or recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system,without the priorwritten permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law.Requestsfor permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt PublishingCompany,Attn:Contracts,Copyrights,and Licensing,9400 South Park Center Loop,Orlando,Florida 32819  \nPrinted in China  \nSBN:978-0-547-89052-4  \n56789100940212019181716151413  \n4500416963  \nABCDEFG  \n\n| If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge,Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing  \u003Cbr>Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold.Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited.   |\n| --- |\n\n\n| Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication,or any portion of it,into  \u003Cbr>electronic format.   |\n| --- |\n\n# Table of Contents\n\nIntroduction.  \n..4  \n# The Need for Barbed Wire on the Plains\n\nHow Barbed Wire Was Invented..  \nGlidden: The Father of Barbed Wire  \nJoseph Glidden Gets a Partner..  \nA Patent War Begins………  \nFarmers Fence the Plains.  \n……………10  \nRanchers Object………  \n……………………12  \n………………………14  \n………………………16  \n……………………17  \n…………………18  \nChanging Ranchers'Minds  \nFence Wars…………………  \nA Deadly Blizzard……  \nChanging Lives……  \nConclusion……………  \n# Introduction\n\nThe 1800s brought many exciting inventions.The zipper,the telephone,vulcanized rubber,and even paper drinkingstraws changed people's lives in ways both large and small.One 19th-century invention had a huge effect on the AmericanWest.It was barbed wire.  \nBarbed wire began to be used in the 1870s.Until then,land in the West had been unfenced.Farmers who moved tothe plains needed to protect their crops from animals andthieves.Barbed wire helped homesteaders to settle on theoften-hostile Great Plains.  \nRanchers relied on the open range to graze their cattle.Once farmers began to fence their land,conflict broke out.Later,trouble arose between ranchers who used barbed wire and thosewho didn't.Fenced areas also affected cowboys and NativeAmericans whose livelihoods depended on access to open land.  \nThe story of barbed wire on the American frontier is one  \nof ingenuity and success,conflict and heartbreak,small farms andsprawling ranches.  \nThese are some ofthe main types ofbarbed wire.  \n# The Need for Barbed Wireon the Plains\n\nA rush of pioneers headed west to the Great Plains inthe mid-1860s.They sought land to farm and ranch.At thattime,large amounts of land were becoming available tosettlers.This was because the U.S.government was takingcontrol of lands that had been home to Native Americans.The government forced Native Americans from the openplains onto reservations.  \nThe environment on the Great Plains was vastly differentto farmers from the East.On the Great Plains,buildingmaterials were scarce.There were no dense forests and fewstones.Eastern farmers had used these natural resources tobuild fences.Even if wood or stone were available,it wouldhave been too costly to enclose a 160-acre p","cbCaif1r22Kvqgcl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif1r22Kvqgcl","pdf",2788106,24,"English","# Introduction\n## The Need for Barbed Wire on the Plains\n## The Homestead Act\n## How Barbed Wire Was Invented","[{\"question\":\"Why did pioneers need barbed wire on the Great Plains?\",\"answer\":\"Land on the Plains had to be protected from animals and thieves, but building fences was difficult because wood and stone were scarce. Barbed wire offered a cheap, effective solution.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did the Homestead Act play in conflicts over land?\",\"answer\":\"The Homestead Act enabled many settlers to claim land and improve it. Once settlers fenced their plots, ranchers lost access to the open range for grazing, leading to conflict.\"},{\"question\":\"What were early fence attempts before barbed wire became widespread?\",\"answer\":\"Homesteaders tried furrow fences by digging trenches and using raised strips of plowed ground as barriers. They also experimented with thick, thorny fences, which were not effective enough and took too long to grow.\"}]","How Barbed Wire Changed the West - Introduction | PDF",1790688187,37]