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Immunotherapy can kill cancer cells by stimulating the body’s immune system, including antibody-based agents targeting immune checkpoint proteins. Rapid nanotechnology development improves anti-cancer immunotherapy effectiveness while reducing adverse effects. 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AReview of the Literature  \nDovepress  \nopen access to scientific and medical research  \nREVIEW  \nComprehensive  \nDhananjay Yadav 1 , *, Nidhi Puranik2 , *, Anju Meshram 3 , *, Vishal Chavda4 , Peter Chang-Whan Lee 5 , Jun-O Jin 6  \n1Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; 2Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India; 3Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; 4Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea; 6Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work  \nCorrespondence: Peter Chang-Whan Lee, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea, [Email pclee@amc.seoul.kr](Email pclee@amc.seoul.kr); Jun-O Jin, Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea, Email [junojin@amc.seoul.kr](junojin@amc.seoul.kr)  \n\n| Abstract: Cancer is a broad term for a group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. There is no cure for cancer despite recent significant improvements in screening, treatment, and prevention approaches. Among the available treatments, immunotherapy has been successful in targeting and killing cancer cells by stimulating or enhancing the body’s immune system. Antibody-based immunotherapeutic agents that block immune checkpoint proteins expressed by cancer cells have shown promising results. The rapid development of nanotechnology has contributed to improving the effectiveness and reducing the adverse effects of these anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Recently, engineered nanomaterials have been the focus of many state-of-The-art approaches toward effective cancer treatment. In this review, the contribution of various nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, microspheres, and carbon nanomaterials in improving the efficiency of anti-cancer immunotherapy is discussed as well as nanostructures applied to combination cancer immunotherapy.\u003Cbr>Keywords: nanotechnology, combination therapy, cancer therapy, engineered nanomaterials, nanotoxicity, synergistic therapy |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world in recent years.1,2 The 5-year relative survival rate for all cancer-related malignancies diagnosed between 2009 and 2015 was 67% based on data reported in Cancer Statistics, 2020.2 Lack of early tumor diagnosis and effective therapies remain major problems to be addressed. The conventional cancer treatment approach involves surgical intrusion, phototherapy, and chemotherapy to diminish tumorsand prevent cancer metastasis. Chemotherapy is frequently associated with side effects induced by off-target toxicity asa result of drug non-specificity.3 Rapid advancements in nanomedicine have led to the implementation of novel therapeutic nanotechnology-based applications and improved patient care.4 Cancer immunotherapy in combination with functionalized nanoparticles has emerged as an alternative treatment option that is highly effective.5,6 The relevance of stimuli-responsive nanosystems and nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy should not be underestimated.\u003Cbr>Cancer immunotherapy is a new type of treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells.7,8 Despite the existence of various immunotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer, low patient response rates and the possibility of immune-related side effects are two important obstacles to successful treatment. The develo","cbCaiqODdwqIlJ3f","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqODdwqIlJ3f","pdf",3001492,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What role does immunotherapy play in cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Immunotherapy targets and kills cancer cells by stimulating or enhancing the body’s immune system. It includes antibody-based agents that block immune checkpoint proteins expressed by cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Why has nanotechnology become important for cancer immuno-therapeutics?\",\"answer\":\"Nanotechnology has improved the effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents and reduced adverse effects. Engineered nanomaterials enable state-of-the-art approaches to more effective cancer treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of nanomaterials are discussed in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, microspheres, and carbon nanomaterials. It also covers nanostructures applied to combination cancer immunotherapy.\"}]","How Advanced are Cancer Immuno-Nanotherapeutics? - AReview of the Literature | PDF",1790262865,35]