[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-139410-en":59,"doc-seo-139410-105":80},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":72,"language_code":73,"site_id":74,"html_lang":73,"table_of_contents":75,"faqs":76,"seo_title":77,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":78,"read_time":79},139410,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Housing Quality by House Type in NCR - A Study","Housing Quality by House Type in NCR - A Study examines how housing conditions shape everyday living and wider socio-economic development. The study addresses severe housing problems despite scientific and technological progress, focusing on rural-urban migration, overcrowding, and impacts on health and sanitation. NCR housing conditions are assessed through house-type composition and disparity measures, highlighting the need for additional improvements, especially in rural NCR.","Housing Quality by House Type in NCR – A Study  \nDr. Subhash Chand  \nHead, Department of Geography, Government Girl’s College, Sarwar, Ajmer (Rajasthan) , India.  \nABSTRACT:  \nTill the early twentieth century, housing was considered as a place to live in ignoring all other dimensions it plays in human life and socio-economic development of a nation. A house besides providing a living space also improves the physical quality of life in terms of cultural and personality development. Despite great advancements in science and technology, millions in our motherland face severe housing problems. In urban areas of developing countries, people face acute shortage of proper housing accommodation. Due to availability of better employment opportunities in urban areas, many people from rural areas migrate to cities leading to overcrowding thus increasing pressure on the limited housing as well as health and sanitary facilities. This results into the deteoration in quality of life in urban areas. In rural areas, the housing conditions are far from satisfactory, which have adverse effect on socio-economic progress of our nation. NCR being the heart of our country shows that housing conditions in Delhi are slightly better than NCR. But overall housing conditions in NCR are better than rest of India. More efforts are needed to improve housing conditions particularly in rural areas of NCR. So that in-migration to Delhi can be slowed down.  \nKEYWORDS: Housing Conditions, NCR, Disparity Index, Urban, Rural  \n1. INTRODUCTION:  \nA home is our basic social need. Its absence is a cause of socio-economic, psychological and health disaster as more than half the life span of a person is spent within the broad framework of home. A house can be manythings in both appearance and its meaning and significance to those who live there (Pugh, 1990) . As Jawahar Lal Nehru aptly said that a person is tied to his house and his neighbourhood. He spends most of his time therein. Satisfaction derived from within the house affects human life considerably. House is not a mere shelter but is a product of complex socio-economic processes (UNO, 1977) . The construction material of a house reflects the quality of life of the household that lives in it. The quality of building material used not only reflect its durability to stand against harsh weather conditions such as excessive heat, cold and rain etc and other environmental factor but also give security to the residents against theft, fire etc. Nature of locally available building materials, climatic and environmental conditions and physical conditions of space and socio-economic status of a person are some of the factors which influence the quality of house (Sinha, 1965; Ramachandran and Padmanabha, 1967 , Chand, 1995) . The contemporary urban growth has caused a lot of deteoration in quality of housing (Pyare, 1977) .  \nIt is a well known fact that the houses of poorer sections of society are generally built with low quality construction material like mud, thatch, leaves, bamboo, wood etc. The poor housing structures create socioeconomic, medico-psychological and spiritual strain on the occupant, due to their non-durability (Chand, 1995) . This adds to the vicious circle of poverty as shown in the figure-1 below.  \n\n| JETIR1701969 | Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) [www.jetir.org](www.jetir.org) | 840 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nFigure-1 Vicious Circle of Poverty in Relation to Kutcha House  \nPoor Health status  \nPoor Nutrition  \nLow Income  \nPoor Housing  \n(Kutcha Houses)   \nLow Levels of Sanitation & Hygiene  \nMore Time, Energy & Money for Servicing  \nSocio-economic & Medico-psychological Strain  \nLow Levels of Productivity Poor Health Status  \nLow Efficiency of work  \nFor poorer segments of society, locally available building material and climatic conditions play a major role in  \nthe house construction. But for the richer sections of the society, these two factors play a very little rol","cbCairXGzwbVfkyr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairXGzwbVfkyr","pdf",577618,"English","en",105,"# ABSTRACT\n# INTRODUCTION\n# OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY\n# METHODOLOGY\n# RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","[{\"question\":\"Why is housing quality considered important in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Housing is treated as more than shelter; its absence and the construction materials used influence socio-economic progress, personal satisfaction, and residents’ health and security.\"},{\"question\":\"What housing categories are used to classify households in NCR?\",\"answer\":\"Houses are grouped by durability into Kutcha, Semi-Pucca, and Pucca categories based on whether roof, floor, and wall are made of durable or non-durable materials.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the Disparity Index used in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study calculates Sopher’s Disparity Index (modified by Kundu and Rao, 1986) and then applies a range method to categorize Disparity Index values for comparing rural-urban differences.\"}]","Housing Quality by House Type in NCR - A Study | PDF",1787535072,13,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"ok",{"site_id":74,"language":73,"slug":83,"title":65,"keywords":84,"description":66,"schema_data":85,"social_meta":139,"head_meta":141,"extra_data":143,"updated_unix":78},"housing-quality-by-house-type-in-ncr-a-study","",{"@graph":86,"@context":138},[87,101,121],{"@type":88,"itemListElement":89},"BreadcrumbList",[90,94,96,99],{"item":91,"name":92,"@type":93,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":95,"name":9,"@type":93,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":97,"name":40,"@type":93,"position":98},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":100,"name":65,"@type":93,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/housing-quality-by-house-type-in-ncr-a-study/139410/",{"url":100,"name":65,"@type":102,"image":103,"author":108,"headline":65,"publisher":110,"fileFormat":113,"inLanguage":73,"description":66,"dateModified":114,"datePublished":115,"encodingFormat":113,"isAccessibleForFree":116,"interactionStatistic":117},"DigitalDocument",{"url":104,"@type":105,"width":106,"height":107},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/housing-quality-by-house-type-in-ncr-a-study/139410.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":109},"Person",{"url":91,"name":111,"@type":112},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-20","2026-08-24",true,{"@type":118,"interactionType":119,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":120},"ViewAction",{"@type":122,"mainEntity":123},"FAQPage",[124,130,134],{"name":125,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":127},"Why is housing quality considered important in the study?","Question",{"text":128,"@type":129},"Housing is treated as more than shelter; its absence and the construction materials used influence socio-economic progress, personal satisfaction, and residents’ health and security.","Answer",{"name":131,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":132},"What housing categories are used to classify households in NCR?",{"text":133,"@type":129},"Houses are grouped by durability into Kutcha, Semi-Pucca, and Pucca categories based on whether roof, floor, and wall are made of durable or non-durable materials.",{"name":135,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":136},"How is the Disparity Index used in the analysis?",{"text":137,"@type":129},"The study calculates Sopher’s Disparity Index (modified by Kundu and Rao, 1986) and then applies a range method to categorize Disparity Index values for comparing rural-urban differences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":100,"og:type":140,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":111,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":142,"canonical":100},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":74}]