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It evaluates public elementary schools serving children in subsidized housing, including enrollment demographics, teacher attributes, and relative proficiency. Findings show assisted families more often live near lower-performing, higher-poverty schools than other poor families, with notable within-voucher racial differences and substantial metropolitan variation.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/housing-and-educational-opportunity-characteristics-of-local-schools-near-families-with-federal-housing-assistance/586477/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/housing-and-educational-opportunity-characteristics-of-local-schools-near-families-with-federal-housing-assistance/586477.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the report’s main focus?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It focuses on neighborhood schools and disparities between families living in subsidized housing and those who do not.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the report compare schools across areas?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It compares school profiles accessible to HUD-assisted and LIHTC households in 2016 with profiles accessible to other similar households within the same state or metropolitan area.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What key differences does the report find for assisted families?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Families receiving major federal housing assistance live near lower-performing, higher-poverty schools than other poor families with children; 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Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support but acknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the author(s) alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation. Thanks also to the Tides Foundation for their valuable assistance.  \nCover photo credit: Susannah Pazdan  \nCivil Rights Research  \nJuly 2018  \nHousing and Educational Opportunity:  \nCharacteristics of Local Schools Near Families with Federal Housing Assistance  \nABOUT THE AUTHORS  \nIngrid Gould Ellen is the Paulette Goddard Professor of Public Policy and Urban Planning at NYU’s Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and Co-Director of the NYU Furman Center;  \nKeren Mertens Horn is Assistant Professor in the Economics Department at the University of Massachusetts Boston.  \nIntroduction  \nThe Housing Act of 1949 espoused the goal of “a decent home and a suitable living environment” for all Americans. Nearly 70 years later, we have made significant strides in improving the quality of American homes, but there continue to be large disparities across income and race, especially with respect to neighborhood environments. These disparities matter: growing research shows that neighborhoods shape children’s long-run life chances. This report focuses on neighborhood schools, highlighting disparities between families living in subsidized housing and those who do not. We describe the characteristics of the local public elementary schools to which children living in subsidized housing have access, including their student demographics, teacher characteristics and relative proficiency rates. We include all households with children that receive housing assistance from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) as well as those living in Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments, for all 50 states and the 100 largest metropolitan areas, updating an earlier PRRAC report that relied on 2008 data.1  \nThis report compares the profile of the schools accessible to HUD-assisted and LIHTC households in 2016 to the profile of those accessible to other similar households within the same state or metropolitan area. In brief, we find that families receiving all four major types of federal housing assistance lived near lower performing and higher poverty schools than other poor families with children as well as other renters with children. Among assisted families, those living in public housing lived near the most disadvantaged schools while those living in LIHTC developments lived near the least disad-  \nvantaged. We also find large differences by race within the voucher program, with black and Hispanic voucher holders living near significantly lower performing and higher poverty schools than white voucher holders. Finally, we find large variation across metropolitan areas in outcomes for assisted families. In a small set of metropolitan areas, the median assisted family lived near a school performing at or above the 50th percentile in the metropolitan area. In the vast majority of metropolitan areas, however, the median assisted family lived near amuch lower performing school than other families in their metropolitan area.  \nBackground  \nThe federal government offers four main types of low-income housing subsidies. HUD administers three of them: (1) public housing; (2) Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance;2 and (3) housing choice vouchers. The fourth federal subsidy, LIHTC, is governed by the Internal Revenue Service, though HUD is now responsible for collecting data on the individuals served in these developments. The tax credit is currently the most important resource for creating affordable ","cbCainxQkgvcfl1e","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainxQkgvcfl1e","pdf",1944080,28,"English","# Introduction\n# Background\n## Types of federal housing subsidies\n## Description of households with housing assistance","[{\"question\":\"What is the report’s main focus?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on neighborhood schools and disparities between families living in subsidized housing and those who do not.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report compare schools across areas?\",\"answer\":\"It compares school profiles accessible to HUD-assisted and LIHTC households in 2016 with profiles accessible to other similar households within the same state or metropolitan area.\"},{\"question\":\"What key differences does the report find for assisted families?\",\"answer\":\"Families receiving major federal housing assistance live near lower-performing, higher-poverty schools than other poor families with children; public housing users face the most disadvantaged schools, while LIHTC residents face the least.\"}]","Housing and Educational Opportunity - Characteristics of Local Schools Near Families with Federal Housing Assistance | PDF",1792058027,71]