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Across the whole period, prices generally declined, often following an exponential pattern, but the price gradients shifted over time. Gradients flattened between 1931 and 1968 and became steeper again from the mid 1970s to 1989. The study attributes the gradient changes mainly to evolving travel times and costs by road and rail, with additional roles for car ownership, urban services, gentrification, and housing supply on the urban fringe.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/house-and-land-prices-in-sydney-from-1931-to-1989-paper/625571/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/house-and-land-prices-in-sydney-from-1931-to-1989-paper/625571.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main relationship does the paper examine between prices and location?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on the negative exponential relationship between residential property prices and access to the CBD, with price gradients that change over time.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why did price gradients flatten between 1931 and 1968?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper links the flattening mainly to changes in travel times and costs by road and rail, including falling real travel costs in the early period.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What additional factors influenced house price gradients besides travel costs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Car ownership changes and the supply of urban services are highlighted early on, while later influences include gentrification of inner-city areas and the greater increase in housing supply on the urban fringe.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},625571,1793012785,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Urban Studies, Vol. 34, No. 9, 1381± 1400, 1997  \nHouse and Land Prices in Sydney from 1931 to 1989  \nPeter Abelson  \n[Paper ® rst received, March 1996 , in ® nal form, February 1997]  \nSummary. This paper describes and explains house and land prices in Sydney from 1931 to 1989. Throughout this period, house and land prices fell, generally exponentially, with distance to the CBD. However, the price gradients were not constant. Between 1931 and 1968 the gradients ¯ attened. On the other hand, between the mid 1970s and 1989 they became steeper again. The changes in the gradients were caused mainly by changes in travel times and costs by road and rail. Real travel costs fell in the early period and rose later on. Other factors that affected the price gradients were changes in car ownership and the supply of urban services in the early period and gentri® cation of inner-city areas and the greater increase in housing supply on the urban fringe in the later period. The paper also shows how house size and environmental factors in¯uenced house prices in the 1970s and 1980s.  \n1. Introduction  \nThis paper describes and explains the distribution of residential property prices in Sydney from 1931 to 1989. In order to do this, the paper draws on data from two main sources. The ® rst is the writer ’ s research study of house and land prices in Sydney from 1931 to 1968. (See Abelson (1985) for a discussion of average house and land prices over this period.) The second is a consultancy study of house prices in Sydney , Melbourne and Adelaide from 1970 to 1989 , directed by the writer (Applied Economics and Travers Morgan, 1992) .  \nBecause the paper is based on two separate sets of data , it is not possible to provide a uni® ed empirical analysis for the whole period. However, a common  \nthemeÐ the negative exponential relationship between residential property prices and access to the central business district (CBD)Ð runs through the paper. Moreover, the two periods provide interesting contrasts. From 1931 to 1968 , and especially after 1948 , the price gradients ¯ attened. More recently, from the mid 1970s to 1989, the price gradients became steeper again. The paper explains both phenomena.  \nThe paper starts with a general model of house and land prices within cities. Sections 3±5 discuss and explain the distributions of house and land prices between 1931 and 1968. Sections 6±8 deal with the period to 1989. There is a brief concluding section.  \nPeter Abelson is in the Department of Economics, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW2109, Australia. Fax: (02) 9850 8586. E-mail: [pabelson@efs.mq.edu.au. The](pabelson@efs.mq.edu.au. The) author is grateful to the Australian Research Grants Council and to the Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce for ®nancial support for research described in this paper, and to Roger Tonkin for computing assistance. However, he is solely responsible for the content of the paper.  \n0042-0980/97/091381-20 $7.00 Ó 1997 The Editors of Urban Studies  \n1382 PETER ABELSON  \n2. The Determination of House and Land Prices in Cities  \nHouse Prices in Cities  \nThe paper outlines below what may be regarded as the standard model of house prices within an environmentally homogeneous city (Mills and Hamilton, 1994) and then introduces local variations. Households are assumed to purchase standard units of housing services, h, at an annual price ph. Most workers are employed in the CBD. In choosing their residential location, households balance housing costs against transport (commuting) costs.  \nLet households have a utility function, U 5 f(g,h) where g is goods other than housing. The household budget constraint is given by:  \nY 5 pgg 1 ph(u)h 1 T(u, Y) (1)  \nwhere, Y is household income, which here includes the value of leisure time foregone in commuting; pg is the price of other goods; and T is the cost of commuting to the CBD including time costs.  \nBoth ph and T vary with distance to the CBD , represented by u. T also ","cbCaipSvN9L4KsUV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipSvN9L4KsUV","pdf",797321,21,"English","# Introduction\n# The Determination of House and Land Prices in Cities\n## House Prices in Cities","[{\"question\":\"What main relationship does the paper examine between prices and location?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on the negative exponential relationship between residential property prices and access to the CBD, with price gradients that change over time.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did price gradients flatten between 1931 and 1968?\",\"answer\":\"The paper links the flattening mainly to changes in travel times and costs by road and rail, including falling real travel costs in the early period.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional factors influenced house price gradients besides travel costs?\",\"answer\":\"Car ownership changes and the supply of urban services are highlighted early on, while later influences include gentrification of inner-city areas and the greater increase in housing supply on the urban fringe.\"}]","House and Land Prices in Sydney from 1931 to 1989 - Paper | PDF",1792531609,53]